What is the formula for the omitted variable bias of the coefficient of an independent
variable X, when another variable Z is omitted from the regression model?
a. Bias = Cov (X, Z) * Beta(Z) / Var(Z)
b. Bias = Cov (X, Z) * Beta(Z) / Var(X)
c. Bias = Cov (X, Z) / Var(Z)
d. Bias = Cov (X, Z) / Var(X)