What kind of diagnostic measures does a physician order to see if a person has Congestive heart failure? (ex: bloodwork, x-ray, CT...)
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Madhur L.
Cardiovascular Case Histories - Case 17: A 32-year-old nurse who had rheumatic fever as a child noticed a persistent tachycardia and light-headedness. Upon examination, chest x-rays showed an enlarged left atrium and left ventricle. ECG analysis showed atrial fibrillation. There was also mild pulmonary congestion. Cardiac evaluation resulted in the following information: - Cardiac output (CO): 3.4 L/min - Blood pressure (BP): 100/58 mm Hg - Left atrial pressure (LAP): 16 mm Hg - Right ventricular pressure (RVP): 44/8 mm Hg Heart sounds revealed valvular regurgitation. Based on the information provided: 1.) Which A-V valve is incompetent, allowing the regurgitation? 2.) If the other A-V valve were incompetent instead of this one, would the CO, BP, LAP, and RVP be different? If so, how? 3.) What are the causes of the tachycardia, light-headedness, and mild pulmonary congestion? 4.) Calculate the pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) for this individual. a. PP = b. MAP = 5.) Does the cardiac output concern you? Why or why not? 6.) Name a risk/danger associated with atrial fibrillation. The patient was untreated and presented a few years later with severe symptoms, including shortness of breath, extreme fatigue, diffuse peripheral edema, and ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity). Cardiac echocardiogram results: - Heart Rate (HR): 100 bpm - End-systolic volume (ESV): 140 mL - End-diastolic volume (EDV): 170 mL 7.) Calculate the stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and cardiac output (CO) (show calculations). 8.) What do you suspect is causing the peripheral edema and ascites? 9.) Define Frank-Starling Law and how it applies in this case.
Adi S.
3. A patient came into the clinic and said she has the following symptoms: * Feels dizzy. * Has shortness of breath and finds it harder to exercise than she is accustomed to. * Has chest pain. * Has heart palpitations (fluttering). A) You are her doctor and know that the first thing to do is a physical exam while asking her questions about her past health. While checking her pulse, you notice an irregularity. What would be the next test you would perform? I would request that a STAT EKG be performed to see if the patients heart is in an abnormal r
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