When determining the hybridization for an atom that has a lone pair, one must determine whether the lone pair is capable of delocalizing toward a neighboring atom to form a pi bond. Select all of the statements that correctly describe the circumstances under which lone pair electrons can and cannot delocalize.
a. All lone pair electrons can delocalize.
b. A lone pair can delocalize if the neighboring atom has sp2 hybridization.
c. Lone pair electrons can delocalize if the neighboring atom has an incomplete octet.
d. A lone pair will only delocalize if the neighboring atom has a higher electronegativity value.
d. The lone pair on an atom cannot delocalize if that atom already has a pi bond.
e. A lone pair cannot delocalize if the resulting pi bond causes either atom to violate the octet rule (for 2nd period elements).
f. Lone pair electrons that cause a negative formal charge always delocalize toward the neighboring atom.
g. A lone pair will delocalize if the neighboring atom has sp3 hybridization.
h. The lone pair on an atom will delocalize if that atom already has a pi bond.