00:01
Hello students, in this question it is being said that a 23 year old male has been admitted for vomiting for the last two days with minimal fluid intake.
00:12
He went to the emergency room of a nearby hospital and the following data was obtained upon examination and testing.
00:21
Which shows for example hematocrit 60 % plasma ph 7 .49 partial pressure of carbon dioxide 47 mm mercury and bicarbonate is 31 meq per liter.
00:37
The values in the bracket shows the normal values and regarding the urine analysis urine is dark yellow to brown specific gravity is 1 .025 blood is negative and protein is mild while ph of the urine is 8 .5.
00:59
Now the question asked is define acidosis and alkalosis and how can a patient develop an acidosis and alkalosis.
01:10
Acidosis is a condition in which there is an excess of hydrogen ion or protons in the body which leads to decrease in blood ph below the normal range which is 7 .35 to 7 .45.
01:43
While alkalosis is a condition in which there is a deficiency of hydrogen ions in the body which leads to an increase in blood ph which is above the normal range which is given here.
02:19
A patient can develop an acidosis through a respiratory causes for example hypoventilation.
02:41
Hypoventilation leading to an increase in carbon dioxide level or metabolic causes for example increased production or decreased excretion of acid.
03:10
So this could be the reason of the acidosis.
03:20
While the alkalosis can be caused through respiratory causes like hyperventilation which leads to an increase in carbon dioxide levels or metabolic causes such as increased production or decreased excretion of bases.
03:52
Another question asked is what is the acid base disorder this individual is suffering from.
04:01
As we know that the ph of this patient plasma ph is 7 .49 which is higher than the normal range which means that the patient is suffering from alkalosis which is an indication of the increased plasma ph and increased bicarbonate ion...