Which of the following best describes the role of the coenzyme NAD$^+$ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) in biological chemistry?
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The nicotinamide coenzymes (see Fig. $13-24$ ) can undergo reversible oxidation-reduction reactions with specific substrates in the presence of the appropriate dehydrogenase. In these reactions, NADH + $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ serves as the hydrogen source, as described in Problem $3 .$ Whenever the coenzyme is oxidized, a substrate must be simultaneously reduced: (FIGURES CAN'T COPY) For each of the reactions in (a) through (f) shown below, determine whether the substrate has been oxidized or reduced or is unchanged in oxidation state (see Problem 3 ). If a redox change has occurred, balance the reaction with the necessary amount of $\mathrm{NAD}^{+}, \mathrm{NADH}$, $\mathrm{H}^{+},$ and $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} .$ The objective is to recognize when a redox coenzyme is necessary in a metabolic reaction.
What general kind of reaction does $\mathrm{NAD}^{+}$ carry out?
What is the function of molecules like $\mathrm{NAD}^{+} / \mathrm{NADH}$ and $\mathrm{FAD} / \mathrm{FADH}_{2}$ in cells?
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