Which of the following choices would cause a leftward shift of the supply curve and a rightward shift of the demand curve?
a. an increase in the price of a complement in production; an expectation by consumers of a lower price
b. a decrease in the cost of an input; a decrease in the price of a complement
c. an expectation by firms of a higher price; an increase in income in the case of an inferior good
d. a decrease in productivity; an expectation by consumers of higher income
e. an increase in taxes; a negative change in consumers tastes