00:02
Hi there.
00:03
This question is asking which of these elements can have an expanded octet? well, the term octet means eight valence electrons.
00:14
So an expanded octet means more than eight electrons, typically 10 or 12.
00:21
All right.
00:22
So in order to have an expanded octet, an element needs an orbital to put those extra electrons in.
00:31
Well, if we think about the orbitals that we have, we have s orbitals that can hold a maximum of two electrons.
00:41
We have p orbitals that can hold a maximum of six.
00:50
That is where those eight electrons for an octet would come from.
00:56
They would come from 2s electrons and 6 p electrons, giving us a total of 8 or an octet.
01:05
In order for an element to have an expanded octet, it's going to have to have some place to put those extra electrons.
01:14
So it's going to need a d -orbital.
01:17
D -orbital can hold all the way up to 10.
01:19
So there's plenty of room in a de -orbital to hold the 9th and 10th or even the 11th and 12th electron for that expanded octet.
01:31
Okay, the question is where we see de -orbidals first appear.
01:38
Well, in energy level one, all we have are s orbitals.
01:52
In that first energy level, all we have are s orbitals.
01:55
In the second energy level, we have s and p.
02:01
In the third energy level, there are s, p, and d orbitals.
02:08
In other words, there are the same number of sub -levels as the energy level that we're in.
02:14
But note, we do not see d orbitals until we get to the third.
02:18
Third energy level...