Which of the following is true about the controversy over the effects of punishment on children's development?
Multiple Choice
Research on punishment is unidirectional in nature, making it easy to discover causal factors.
The defenders of spanking have produced evidence that spanking produces positive outcomes for children.
It remains difficult to determine whether the effects of physical punishment are harmful to children's development.
A minority of leading experts on parenting conclude that physical punishment has harmful effects on children and should not be used.