Mathematically, it is expressed as:
\[
\Phi_E = \oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{A} = \frac{Q_{\text{enc}}}{\varepsilon_0}
\]
where \(\Phi_E\) is the electric flux, \(\vec{E}\) is the electric field, \(d\vec{A}\) is the differential area vector,
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