Which philosopher claimed that truth of a proposition should be determined on the basis of "the difference it makes" in our lives? Group of answer choices Hobbes Russell Rawls James
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Step 1: Identify the key concept in the question, which is the philosopher who claimed that the truth of a proposition should be determined based on "the difference it makes" in our lives. Show more…
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16. Hank Green, while hosting the Crash Course Philosophy video, used what animal to illustrate a point? A (A) dog, (B) cat, (C) goldfish, (D) hamster, (E) rabbit. 17. From a video hosed by Jennifer Nagel, which philosopher responds to the argument that I cannot know about the external world (e.g., that I have two hands) by saying that I know that I and God exist, and from that I can acquire knowledge of the external world? (A) Rene Descartes, (B) David Hume, (C) Bertrand Russell, (D) G. E. Moore, (E) Edmond Gettier. 18. From a video hosted by Jennifer Nagel, which philosopher responds to the argument that I cannot know that I have two hands by saying that I can just look at my two hands and see them, and I do not need to prove it to know it? (A) Rene Descartes, (B) David Hume, (C) Bertrand Russell, (D) G. E. Moore, (E) Edmond Gettier. 19. From a video hosted by Jennifer Nagel, which recent philosopher responds to the argument that we cannot know about the external world by agreeing that those threats to our knowledge may be true, but it doesn’t really make any difference, as my belief that I have a hand is true in the sense that matters to me? (A) Hilary Putnam, (B) Rene Descartes, (C) Patricia Churchland, (D) Timothy Williamson, (E) David Chalmers.
Jerelyn N.
Epistemology is the study of (A) logic, (B) ethics, (C) law, (D) knowledge, (E) the ultimate nature of things. All beliefs do what? (A) affirm that something is true, (B) know that something is true, (C) correspond to reality, (D) are coherent with each other, (E) are stated publicly. The most popular way of defining truth among world philosophers is (A) correspondence with reality, (B) coherence with one's beliefs, (C) correspondence with a priori reasoning, (D) correspondence with a posteriori reasoning, (E) correspondence with what works. The most popular way of defining knowledge among world philosophers over the centuries has been (A) true belief, (B) coherence with other beliefs, (C) proper basicality, (D) justified true belief, (E) justified belief. The philosopher who has done much to question that the definition of knowledge referred to in problem #4 is complete is (A) Rene Descartes, (B) David Hume, (C) Thomas Aquinas, (D) Plato, (E) Edmund Gettier. The school of thought in Epistemology that appeals to basic and non-basic beliefs is called (A) Coherentism, (B) Pragmatism, (C) Foundationalism, (D) Existentialism, (E) Phenomenalism. According to the position referred to in problem #6 above, a non-basic belief is held rationally if and only if (A) it is properly basic, (B) it is grounded directly to a properly basic belief, (C) it is ultimately grounded in a properly basic belief, (D) it is known a priori, (E) it is consistent with all other non-basic beliefs. A concern facing the position referred to in problems #6 and #7 is that some philosophers find it hard to accept (A) belief in God, (B) the use of faith, (C) that non-basic beliefs can ever be rational, (D) that basic beliefs are rationally held, (E) that noetic structures exist. The school of thought in Epistemology that appeals to consistency among one's beliefs is called (A) Coherentism, (B) Pragmatism, (C) Foundationalism, (D) Existentialism, (E) Phenomenalism. A challenging problem for the position referred to in problem #9 above is that one can take a clearly ridiculous belief and supposedly make it rational by (A) believing in God, (B) taking what philosophers call a "leap of faith," (C) adopting additional irrational beliefs, (D) doubting all other beliefs, (E) ignoring the problem.
The purpose of this discussion assignment is to reflect upon your understanding of epistemology, i.e., the philosophical approach to knowledge and truth. Address the following: Identify a belief you think is true. Identify and explain a philosophical account of truth from the readings that might help support your belief. For example, say the belief is that you are awake right now. Is this something you would prove using empirical evidence? If so, discuss at least one version of empiricism and the correspondence theory of truth. If the belief is one that refers to a paradigm (math, for example), discuss Cartesian rationalism and the coherence theory of truth. If it is one that does not admit to empirical or logical warrantability, discuss Deconstruction and/or the Pragmatic and Ewe Creativity approaches to truth.
Shu N.
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