You are a technical manager for a large city courthouse. The judges have asked you to implement a new system that will make criminal sentencing recommendations. As part of your testing, your team has the system make sentencing recommendations for past court convictions. Your team finds that the new system is much more likely to recommend longer sentences for some groups of people. What is the main ethical challenge with implementing this system? The courthouse obviously does not have the technical expertise to improve the system. Impartial judges should make sentencing recommendations. AI systems should not be involved. It magnifies existing biases rather than mitigating them. The city courthouse might not be able to afford the service. Previous Next
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This is a critical issue because the justice system is expected to be fair and impartial, and any tool or system used within it should not exacerbate inequalities or biases against certain groups of people. Show more…
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Many people believe that criminals who plead guilty tend to get lighter sentences than those who are convicted in trials. The accompanying table summarizes randomly selected sample data for defendants in burglary cases. All of the subjects had prior prison sentences. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the sentence (sent to prison or not sent to prison) is independent of the plea. If you were an attorney defending a guilty defendant, would these results suggest that you should encourage a guilty plea? Guilty Plea Not Guilty Plea Sent to Prison 428 guilty plea 48 not guilty plea Not Sent to Prison 565 guilty plea 19 not guilty plea Determine the test statistic. x2 Determine the P-value of the test statistic. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the sentence (sent to prison or not sent to prison) is independent of the plea. If you were an attorney defending a guilty defendant, would these results suggest that you should encourage a guilty plea? A. There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the sentence is independent of the plea. The results do not encourage pleas for guilty defendants. B. There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the sentence is independent of the plea. The results do not encourage pleas for guilty defendants. C. There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the sentence is independent of the plea. The results encourage pleas for guilty defendants. D. There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the sentence is independent of the plea. The results encourage pleas for guilty defendants.
Madhur L.
Many people believe that criminals who plead guilty tend to get lighter sentences than those who are convicted in trials. The accompanying table summarizes randomly selected sample data for defendants in burglary cases. All of the subjects have had prior sentences. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the sentence (sent to prison or not sent to prison) is independent of the plea. If you were an attorney defending a guilty defendant, would these results suggest that you should encourage a guilty plea? Guilty plea: Sent to prison: 435 Not sent to prison: 551 Not guilty plea: Sent to prison: 64 Not sent to prison: 50 Determine the null and alternative hypotheses: H0: H1: Determine the test statistic. X2=_____ Determine the P-value of the test statistic P-value=_____ Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the sentence (sent to prison or not sent to prison) is independent of the plea. A. There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the sentence is independent of the plea. The results encourage pleas for guilty defendants B. There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the sentence is independent of the plea. The results encourage pleas for guilty defendants C. There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the sentence is independent of the plea. The results do not encourage pleas for guilty defendants D. There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the sentence is independent of the plea. The results do not encourage pleas for guilty defendants
It has been argued that much of the science introduced at trial is beyond the ability of jurors to comprehend. Instead of being able to determine which tests produce valid results, the jurors are swayed by the ability of the expert to perform on the witness stand. Is there a better way to handle scientific evidence at trial? Many popular TV shows feature teams who specialize in scientific analysis of crime scene evidence and data mining. As a result, some jurors have developed unreasonable expectations that sophisticated lab results will be introduced at trial. Commentators have called this the "CSI Effect." In real life, it is difficult for a prosecutor to meet these expectations because investigators rarely have the resources available on TV, many of the tests take much longer to produce results than depicted, and some of the tests would never be admitted at trial because they are still experimental. What can the prosecution do to prevent jurors from using the fiction they watch as a basis for what to expect at trial?
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