Campbell Biology

Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson

Chapter 35

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of
a. cell differentiation.
b. morphogenesis.
c. cell division.
d. cell elongation.

CT

Claire Tamburello

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the
a. core.
b. pericycle.
c. endodermis.
d. pith.

Michelle Kasdorf

Michelle Kasdorf

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Heartwood and sapwood consist of
a. bark.
b. periderm.
c. secondary xylem.
d. secondary phloem.

JB

Jackie Broccoli

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by
a. a change in the morphology of the leaves produced.
b. the initiation of secondary growth.
c. the formation of lateral roots.
d. the activation of floral meristem identity genes.

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes $A$ and $C$ and expression of gene $B$ in all four whorls. Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, starting at the outermost whorl?
a. carpel-petal-petal-carpel
b. petal-petal-stamen-stamen
c. sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal
d. sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?
a. secondary xylem
b. leaves
c. dermal tissue
d. all of the above

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?
a. sclerenchyma cells
b. parenchyma cells
c. sieve-tube elements
d. root hairs

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

On this cross section from a woody eudicot, label a growth ring, late wood, early wood, and a vessel element. Then draw an arrow in the pith-to-cork direction.

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Evolutionary biologists have coined the term exaptation to describe a common occurrence in the evolution of life: A limb or organ evolves in a particular context but over time takes on a new function (see Concept 23.4 ). What are some examples of exaptations in plant organs?

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Grasslands typically do not flourish when large herbivores are removed. Instead, grasslands are replaced by broad-leaved herbaceous eudicots, shrubs, and trees. Based on your knowledge of the structure and growth habits of monocots versus eudicots, suggest a reason why.

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Hunger and malnutrition are urgent problems for many poor countries, yet plant biologists in wealthy nations have focused most of their research efforts on Arabidopsis thaliana. Some people have argued that if plant biologists are truly concerned about fighting world hunger, they should study cassava and plantain because these two crops are staples for many of the world's poor. If you were an Arabidopsis researcher, how might you respond to this argument?

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

In a short essay $(100-150$ words), explain how the evolution of lignin affected vascular plant structure and function.

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

This is a light micrograph of a cross section through a plant organ from an angiosperm with an unusual morphology. Is the organ a stem, leaf, or root? Explain your reasoning.

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator