Myers' Psychology for AP

David G. Myers

Chapter 54

Adulthood: Physical, Cognitive, and Socia Development - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

What aspect of development did Jean Piaget's development theory focus on?
a. Social
b. Moral
c. Cognitive
d. Physical
e. Ego

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Problem 2

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory of development, the crisis that needs resolution for adolescents involves the search for what?
a. Trust
b. Identity
c. Autonomy
d. Initiative
e. Worth

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Problem 3

What is the correct term for a period of time when certain events must take place in order to facilitate proper development?
a. Conservation stage
b. Preoperational stage
c. Attachment period
d. Critical period
e. Assimilation step

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Problem 4

Which of the following statements about the impact of aging is true?
a. During old age, many of the brain's neurons die.
b. If we live to be 90 or older, most of us will eventually become senile.
c. Older people become less susceptible to short-term illnesses.
d. Recognition memory-the ability to identify things previously experienced- declines with age.
e. Life satisfaction peaks in the 50 s and then gradually declines after age 65.

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Problem 5

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, what stage of moral development is exhibited when actions are judged "right" because they flow from basic ethical principles?
a. Postconventional
b. Preconventional
c. Conventional
d. Preoperational
e. Formal operational

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Problem 6

According to Mary Ainsworth's research on attachment, what would a child need most to become "securely attached"?
a. Consistent, responsive caregivers
b. The right temperament
c. A terry cloth-wrapped "surrogate" mother
d. An imprinting experience shortly after birth
e. Enriched motor development experiences

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Problem 7

Temperament refers to what aspect of an infant's development?
a. Susceptibility to infection and disease
b. Emotional reactivity
c. General intelligence
d. Level of optimism
e. Ability to learn from situations

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Problem 8

How does fluid intelligence change as we age?
a. Decreases slowly with age
b. Has not been measured over time
c. Increases slowly with age
d. Does not change until about age 75
e. Remains unchanged if we exercise

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Problem 9

Once a sperm penetrates the cell wall of an egg and fertilizes it, this structure is known as what?
a. An embryo
b. A fetus
c. Placenta
d. A teratogen
e. A zygote

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Problem 10

Social development researchers suggest that infancy's major social achievement is attachment. Childhood's major social achievement is developing which of the following?
a. Basic trust
b. Into a sexually mature person
c. Intimacy
d. A positive sense of self
e. Object permanence

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Problem 11

Most adolescents can ponder and debate human nature, good and evil, truth and justice. According to Piaget, this thinking ability is due to the emergence of which stage?
a. Concrete operational
b. Sensorimotor
c. Preoperational
d. Formal operational
e. Accommodation

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Problem 12

Cultural norms related to when to leave home, get a job, or marry are referred to as what?
a. Social clock
b. Midlife crisis
c. Critical period
d. Life span
e. Theory of mind

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Problem 13

The more often the stimulus is presented, the weaker the response becomes. What do developmental researchers call this decrease in response intensity due to repeated stimulation?
a. Stagnation
b. Attachment
c. Autonomy
d. Imprinting
e. Habituation

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Problem 14

Eleanor Maccoby's research found which of the following factors to be the least positively correlated with problem behavior in preschool children?
a. Parent income
b. Parent education level
c. Time spent in day care
d. Child's temperament
e. Parent sensitivity

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Problem 15

Which of these is an example of a longitudinal study?
a. The depth perception of infants is measured once a month for 6 months in a row, starting at six months.
b. In the same month, researchers compare the reaction time of 20 sixth graders and 20 first graders
c. The memory of one group of 50 -year-old adults is measured and then 20 years later compared to a different group of 70 -year-olds.
d. A psychologist develops a case study of a woman who is 102 by interviewing her twice a week for 12 weeks.
e. Researchers compare curiosity ratings of a group of toddlers with that same group's SAT scores 15 years later.

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