Chapter Questions
___ aggression stems from feelings of anger and is aimed at inflicting pain, whereas ___ aggression serves as a means to some goal other than pain.a. Hostile, instrumentalb. Direct, passivec. Instrumental, hostiled. Passive, direct
What does the research on cultures of honor suggest about the relationship between testosterone and aggression?a. It explains why men are more aggressive than women across cultures.b. It shows that testosterone and aggression are unrelated.c. It shows that culture affects when and why men can be provoked to become aggressive.d. It shows that culture has little effect on the basic biology of testosterone in men.
Relational aggression refers toa. behaving violently against one's relations.b. the negative effects of aggression on one's relationships.c. expressing aggression indirectly by manipulating a relationship.d. having sexual relations with the target of one's aggression.
In terms of physical aggression, men are more likely than women toa. engage in public displays of violence.b. behave aggressively to defend their honor or status.c. hit or slap a spouse or partner.d. All of the above.e. a and b.
Social-cognitive learning theory explains why, when people are provoked,a. they respond aggressively if they think aggression is justified.b. they respond aggressively if they are tired or hungry.c. they automatically respond aggressively.d. they seek their friends' opinions of what to do.
John has consumed enough alcohol to make him legally drunk. Under which of the following conditions is he most likely to become aggressive?a. He is partying with his friends.b. A stranger says hello to him.c. He is walking to work on a cold winter day.d. A stranger bumps into him in a crowded restaurant.
What does research suggest is the most reasonable conclusion about the effects of media violence?a. They have an effect, but primarily on children already predisposed to aggression.b. They have a strong effect, making most young children more aggressive.c. They have virtually no effect.d. Their effects depend on whether children are watching cartoons, television, or movies.
In the United States rape occurs most often because ofa. force by a stranger.b. force by an acquaintance.c. incapacitation of the perpetrator.d. incapacitation of the victim.
9. What does research find about the validity of the catharsis theory?a. Supported: It is usually beneficial to ventilate anger and get it out of your system.b. Supported: Playing or watching violent sports reduces aggression.c. Disconfirmed: Expressing anger often makes people angrier.d. Disconfirmed: Acting out anger is healthy for physical but not psychological reasons.e. a and b.
Jim has been convicted of assault and offers many reasons for his behavior. How many of the following of Jim's arguments have social psychologists studied scientifically?a. "There was a gun in the room when it happened."b. "I used to watch my older brother beat up neighborhood kids."c. "I had just been fired from a job I really wanted."d. "I grew up on a cattle ranch in the Southwest."e. I was justified-the other guy started it."f. $a, b,$ and $e$8. $a, c,$ and $d$h. All of the above.