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Cognition

Margaret W. Matlin

Chapter 1

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Define the terms cognition and cognitive psychology. Now think about your ideal career, and suggest several ways in which the information from cognitive psychology would be relevant to this career.

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03:40

Problem 2

Compare the following approaches to psychology, with respect to their emphasis on thinking: (a) William James's approach, (b) behaviorism, (c) gestalt psychology, (d) Frederic Bartlett's approach, and (e) the cognitive approach.

Vishal Sharma
Vishal Sharma
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01:31

Problem 3

This chapter addressed the tradeoff between ecological validity and experimental control. Define these two concepts. Then compare the following approaches in terms of their emphasis on each concept: (a) Ebbinghaus's approach to memory, (b) James's approach to psychological processes, (c) Bartlett's approach to memory, (d) the behaviorist approach, (e) the cognitive psychology approach from several decades ago, and (f) current cognitive psychology research.

Emily Himsel
Emily Himsel
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Problem 4

List several reasons for the increased interest in cognitive psychology and the decline of the behaviorist approach. In addition, describe the field of cognitive science, noting the disciplines that are included in this field.

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00:58

Problem 5

The section on cognitive neuroscience described five different research techniques. Answer the following questions for each technique: (a) Can it be used with humans? (b) How precise is the information it yields? (c) What kind of research questions can it answer?

Prashant Bana
Prashant Bana
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Problem 6

What is artificial intelligence, and how is the information-processing approach relevant to this topic? Select three specific cognitive processes that might interest researchers in artificial intelligence. Then provide examples of how pure $\mathrm{AI}$ and the computer-simulation investigations of these cognitive process might differ in their focus.

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Problem 7

How does parallel distributed processing (PDP) differ from the classical artificial intelligence approach? List three characteristics of the PDP approach. In what way is this approach based on discoveries in cognitive neuroscience?

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01:39

Problem 8

Theme 4 emphasizes that your cognitive processes are interrelated. Think about a problem you have solved recently, and point out how the solution to this problem depended upon perceptual processes, memory, and other cognitive activities. Use the description of chapter topics (see pp. 21-23) to help you answer this question.

Leonardo Filgueiras
Leonardo Filgueiras
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Problem 9

As you'll see in Chapter 6, your long-term memory is more accurate if you carefully think about the material you are reading; it is especially accurate if you try to relate the material to your own life. Review the section called "How to Use Your Book" (pp. 24-27), and point out how you can use each feature to increase your memory for the material in the remaining chapters of this book.

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01:50

Problem 10

Review each of the five themes of this book. Which of them seem consistent with your own experiences, and which seem surprising? From your own life, think of an example of each theme.

Yash Ramgopal
Yash Ramgopal
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