Biology: How Life Works

James Morris, Daniel Hartt, Andrew Knoll

Chapter 39

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Given a selectively permeable membrane that is permeable to water but not to a particular solute, and given that there are different solute concentrations on the two sides of the membrane, draw a diagram showing the direction of water movement. Label the side with the higher osmotic pressure.

Kaela Piechowicz

Kaela Piechowicz

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

What happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution (one with a solute concentration lower than that of the cell)? What happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution (one with a solute concentration higher than that of a cell)?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

A solution of water and dissolved ions is separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows the passage of water but not small ions. The concentration of sodium is higher on one side of the membrane than on the other side. However, there is no net movement of water across the membrane. How is this possible?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

How do animals gain and lose water and electrolytes?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Name two animals that are osmoconformers and two animals that are osmoregulators. What is the difference between the two types of animals?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

What are three forms of nitrogenous waste? How is each an adaptation for the environment in which an animal lives?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Why do mammals convert ammonia to urea rather than simply excreting it, as fishes do?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

What are the three steps in which animals excrete wastes?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Draw a mammalian nephron, label and describe the primary function of each part, and show the direction of water and electrolytes in each part.

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

The filtrate is dilute at the start and the end of the loop of Henle. What, then, is the function of the loop of Henle?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

What is the role of ADH in the regulation of urine concentration?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

How do the kidneys help to regulate blood volume and blood pressure?

Khalida Dawar

Numerade Educator