Chapter Questions
Which of the following statements about the male reproductive system is false?a. The vas deferens carries sperm from the testes to the penis.b. Sperm mature in seminiferous tubules in the testes.c. Both the prostate and the bulbourethral glands produce components of the semen.d. The prostate gland is located in the testes.
Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false?a. LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estradiol and progesterone are produced in the ovaries.b. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken.c. Both progesterone and estradiol are produced by the follicles.d. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estradiol but stimulated by high levels of estradiol.
Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is false?a. Progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the uterine cycle.b. Menstruation occurs just after $\mathrm{LH}$ and FSH levels peak.c. Menstruation occurs after progesterone levels drop.d. Estrogen levels rise before ovulation, while progesterone levels rise after.
Which form of reproduction is thought to be best in a stable environment?a. asexualb. sexualc. buddingd. parthenogenesis
Which form of reproduction can result from damage to the original animal?a. asexualb. fragmentationc. buddingd. parthenogenesis
Which form of reproduction is useful to an animal with little mobility that reproduces sexually?a. fissionb. buddingc. parthenogenesisd. hermaphroditism
Genetically unique individuals are produced through _____.a. sexual reproductionb. parthenogenesisc. buddingd. fragmentation
External fertilization occurs in which type of environment?a. aquaticb. forestedc. savannad. steppe
Which term applies to egg development within the female with nourishment derived from a yolk?a. oviparityb. viviparityc. ovoviparityd. ovovoparity
Which term applies to egg development outside the female with nourishment derived from a yolk?a. oviparityb. viviparityc. ovoviparityd. ovovoparity
Sperm are produced in the _____.a. scrotumb. seminal vesiclesc. seminiferous tubulesd. prostate gland
Most of the bulk of semen is made by the ______.a. scrotumb. seminal vesiclesc. seminiferous tubulesd. prostate gland
Which of the following cells in spermatogenesis is diploid?a. primary spermatocyteb. secondary spermatocytec. spermatidd. sperm
Which female organ has the same embryonic origin as the penis?a. clitorisb. labia majorac. greater vestibular glandsd. vagina
Which female organ has an endometrial lining that will support a developing baby?a. labia minorab. breastc. ovariesd. uterus
How many eggs are produced as a result of one meiotic series of cell divisions?a. oneb. twoc. threed. four
Which hormone causes Leydig cells to make testosterone?a. FSHb. $\mathrm{LH}$c. inhibind. estrogen
Which hormone causes FSH and LH to be released?a. testosteroneb. estrogenc. GnRHd. progesterone
Which hormone signals ovulation?a. FSHb. $\mathrm{LH}$c. inhibind. estrogen
Which hormone causes the regrowth of the endometrial lining of the uterus?a. testosteroneb. estrogenc. GnRHd. progesterone
Nutrient and waste requirements for the developing fetus are handled during the first few weeks by:a. the placentab. diffusion through the endometriumc. the choriond. the blastocyst
Progesterone is made during the third trimester by the:a. placentab. endometrial liningc. choriond. corpus luteum
Which contraceptive method is 100 percent effective at preventing pregnancy?a. condomb. oral hormonal methodsc. sterilizationd. abstinence
Which type of short term contraceptive method is generally more effective than others?a. barrierb. hormonalc. natural family planningd. withdrawal
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the contractions during labor?a. oxytocinb. estrogenc. $\beta$ -HCGd. progesterone
Major organs begin to develop during which part of human gestation?a. fertilizationb. first trimesterc. second trimesterd. third trimester
Which of the following is false?a. The endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm are germ layers.b. The trophoblast is a germ layer.c. The inner cell mass is a source of embryonic stem cells.d. The blastula is often a hollow ball of cells.
During cleavage, the mass of cells:a. increasesb. decreasesc. doubles with every cell divisiond. does not change significantly
Which of the following gives rise to the skin cells?a. ectodermb. endodermc. mesodermd. none of the above
The ribs form from the _____.a. notochordb. neural platec. neural tubed. somites
Why is sexual reproduction useful if only half the animals can produce offspring and two separate cells must be combined to form a third?
What determines which sex will result in offspring of birds and mammals?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of external and internal forms of fertilization?
Why would paired external fertilization be preferable to group spawning?
Describe the phases of the human sexual response.
Compare spermatogenesis and oogenesis as to timing of the processes and the number and type of cells finally produced.
If male reproductive pathways are not cyclical, how are they controlled?
Describe the events in the ovarian cycle leading up to ovulation.
Describe the major developments during each trimester of human gestation.
Describe the stages of labor.
What do you think would happen if multiple sperm fused with one egg?
Why do mammalian eggs have a small concentration of yolk, while bird and reptile eggs have a large concentration of yolk?
Explain how the different germ layers give rise to different tissue types.
Explain the role of axis formation in development.