Biology: Concepts and Investigations

Mariëlle Hoefnagels

Chapter 34

Animal Reproduction and Development - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction? Of internal and external fertilization?

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

How do protein gradients cause cells to differentiate?

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

How are the human male and female reproductive tracts similar, and how are they different? How are the structures of the testis and ovary similar and different?

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Make a chart that lists the major hormones involved in human reproduction. Complete the chart by listing the organ that releases each hormone; the location of target cells; the function of each; and whether each is most important in males, females, or both.

Parvati Devi

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

How are the timetables different for oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans?

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Point mutations usually occur during interphase of mitosis, but most chromosomal abnormalities arise during meiosis. Given the differences between gamete production in males and females, why is it reasonable to predict that more point mutations occur during sperm production and more chromosomal abnormalities appear in egg cells?

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Is each of the following cell types haploid or diploid? How does each cell type relate to the others?
a. An oogonium
b. A primary spermatocyte
c. A spermatid
d. A secondary oocyte
e. A polar body derived from a primary oocyte

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

How do the structures of the male and female human gametes aid them in performing their functions?

Mirza Aslam Beig

Mirza Aslam Beig

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which a physician cuts the vas deferens leading away from each testis. Does a vasectomy stop sperm production entirely, block testosterone production, block sperm delivery to the ejaculate, or prevent ejaculation? Explain your answer

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Use the Internet to learn more about sexually transmitted diseases. Choose one to study in detail. What type of infectious agent causes the disease? What are the symptoms and long-term consequences of infection? Is a treatment available? Who is most affected?

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

What would happen if two sperm fertilized the same egg cell? If two sperm fertilized two egg cells?

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

How does menstruation stop when a woman becomes pregnant?

VS

Vivek Singh

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

This chapter used the term villus in describing part of the chorion; the same term appeared in chapter 31 's description of the small intestine. How are the chorionic and intestinal villi similar and different in structure and function?

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Arrange these structures in order from youngest to oldest: morula, gastrula, zygote, fetus, blastocyst.

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Fetal red blood cells contain a version of hemoglobin (an oxygenbinding protein that is slightly different from that in adult red blood cells. Given the relationship between fetus and mother, which hemoglobin do you predict should have a higher affinity for oxygen? Explain your answer.

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

Consult a website that describes and illustrates fetal development. What technology do you think would be necessary to enable a fetus born in the fourth month to survive in a laboratory setting?

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

What are the events of childbirth?

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

List some of the causes of birth defects. What is the significance of the critical period in determining the type and severity of a birth defect?

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

What kinds of studies and information would be necessary to determine whether exposure to a potential teratogen during a war can cause birth defects a year later? How would such an analysis differ if it were a man or a woman who was exposed?

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Chapter 27 's opening essay describes examples of endocrine disruptors. What are endocrine disruptors? Would these chemicals be considered teratogens? Why or why not?

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

One risk factor for developing breast cancer or ovarian cancer is a family history of either disease. Researchers have identified some alleles associated with inherited breast and ovarian cancers, making genetic tests possible. If a female close to you had a family history of either cancer, what considerations would help her decide whether to have her DNA tested for these alleles?

Allison Reynolds

Allison Reynolds

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

Use this textbook or the Internet to learn more about human cloning and stem cell therapies. How does each topic relate to human reproduction and development? Why are these techniques controversial?

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator