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Conceptual Physics Fundamentals

Paul G. Hewitt

Chapter 2

Atoms - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

00:43

Problem 1

How many types of atoms can you expect to find in a pure sample of any element?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
00:52

Problem 2

How many individual atoms are in a water molecule?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
00:27

Problem 3

When a container of gas is heated, what happens to the average speed of its molecules?

Katie Mcalpine
Katie Mcalpine
Numerade Educator
00:54

Problem 4

The average speed of a perfume-vapor molecule at room temperature may be about $300 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$, but you'll find the speed at which the scent travels across the room is much less. Why?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
01:18

Problem 5

A cat strolls across your backyard. An hour later, a dog with his nose to the ground follows the trail of the cat.

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
00:56

Problem 6

If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have anv odor?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
02:05

Problem 7

Where were the atoms that make up a newborn infant "manufactured"?

Ma Ednelyn Lim
Ma Ednelyn Lim
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01:17

Problem 8

Which of the following is not an element: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, water?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
00:58

Problem 9

Which of the following are pure elements: $\mathrm{H}_{2}, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{He}$ $\mathrm{Na}, \mathrm{NaCl}, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}, \mathrm{U} ?$

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
01:57

Problem 10

Your friend says that what makes one element distinct from another is the number of electrons about the atomic nucleus. Do you agree wholeheartedly, partially, or not at all? Explain.

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
00:53

Problem 11

What is the cause of the Brownian motion of dust particles? Why aren't larger objects, such as baseballs, similarly affected?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
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Problem 12

Why don't equal masses of golf balls and Ping-Pong balls contain the same number of balls?

Ankur S
Ankur S
Numerade Educator
01:37

Problem 13

Why don't equal masses of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms contain the same number of particles?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
01:47

Problem 14

Which contains more atoms: 1 kg of lead or $1 \mathrm{~kg}$ of aluminum?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
01:05

Problem 15

How many atoms are in a molecule of ethanol, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}$ ?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
02:10

Problem 16

The atomic masses of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and $60 .$
a. What is the number of protons and neutrons in each?
b. What is the number of orbiting electrons in each when the isotopes are electrically neutral?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
01:08

Problem 17

A particular atom contains 29 electrons, 34 neutrons, and 29 protons. What is the identity of this element and its atomic number?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
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00:54

Problem 18

If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, what nucleus remains?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
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00:38

Problem 19

What element results if you add a pair of protons to the nucleus of mercury? (See the periodic table.)

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
01:00

Problem 20

What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
00:24

Problem 21

To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
00:23

Problem 22

To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
00:26

Problem 23

You could swallow a capsule of germanium without ill effects. But, if a proton were added to each of the germanium nuclei, you would not want to swallow the capsule. Why? (Consult the periodic table.)

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
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01:41

Problem 24

Helium is an inert gas, meaning that it doesn't readily combine with other elements. What five other elements would you also expect to be inert gases? (See the periodic table.)

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
02:18

Problem 24

Somebody told your friend that, if an antimatter alien ever set foot on Earth, the whole world would explode into pure radiant energy. Your friend looks to you for verification or refutation of this claim. What do you say?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
01:03

Problem 25

Which of the following elements would you predict to have properties most like those of silicon (Si): aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), or germanium (Ge)? (Consult the periodic table.)

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
01:30

Problem 26

Carbon, with a half-full outer shell of electrons (four in a shell that can hold eight), readily shares its electrons with other atoms and forms a vast number of molecules, many of which are the organic molecules that form the bulk of living matter. Looking at the periodic table, what other element do you think might play a role like carbon in life forms on some other planet?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
01:57

Problem 27

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
00:56

Problem 28

A hydrogen atom and a carbon atom move at the same speed. Which has the greater kinetic energy?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
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01:48

Problem 29

In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas, both with the same average kinetic energy, which molecules move faster on average?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
01:00

Problem 30

The atoms that constitute your body are mostly empty space, and structures such as the chair you're sitting on are composed of atoms that are also mostly empty space. So why don't you fall through the chair?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
02:03

Problem 31

In what sense can you truthfully say that you are a part of every person in history? In what sense can you say that you will tangibly contribute to every person on Earth who will follow?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
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01:04

Problem 32

What are the chances that at least one of the atoms exhaled by your very first breath will be in your next breath?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
01:46

Problem 33

Hydrogen and oxygen always react in a 1: 8 ratio by mass to form water. Early investigators thought this meant that oxygen was eight times more massive than hydrogen. What chemical formula did these investigators assume for water?

Alex Garger
Alex Garger
Numerade Educator
01:34

Problem 35

Make up a multiple-choice question that will test your classmates on the distinction between any two terms in the Summary of Terms list.

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator