Chapter Questions
Which of the following groupings lists only domains?a. Eukarya, Bacteria, and Animaliab. Plantae, Protista, and Archaeac. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryad. Bacteria, Archaea, and Fungi
Most bacteriaa. have a nucleus.b. cannot be cultured on an artificial medium in a lab dish.c. reproduce using RNA as the hereditary material.d. are multicellular.
Prokaryotesa. display a greater diversity of metabolism, compared to eukaryotes.b. have larger cells, on average, than most eukaryotes.c. lack a self-generated plasma membrane.d. use sexual reproduction to generate offspring.
Bacteriaa. are different from the organisms in other kingdoms of life in that they are known to have arsenic instead of phosphorus as a component of their DNA.b. live in more diverse environments than Archaea.c. are not known to conduct photosynthesis, whereas most archaeans are photosyntheticd. are more distantly related to the eukaryotes than are the Archaea.
Archaeansa. can be autotrophs but not heterotrophs.b. are responsible for a number of human diseases.c. lack cellular organization.d. can be found in the human body.
Some prokaryotesa. can obtain energy from minerals, such as iron, that are found in some rocks.b. are consumers that use sunlight to synthesize (manufacture) food.c. obtain energy from water molecules, which are abundant in most habitats on Earth.d. are producers that get their energy by eating other organisms.
Quorum sensinga. is the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterium to another.b. enables bacteria to form biofilms.c. is the formation of thick-walled dormant structures, called spores, under conditions unfavorable for growth.d. enables bacteria to switch from cellular respiration to fermentation when they sense that oxygen levels are low.
Antibioticsa. are toxins produced by viruses.b. are an example of endotoxins produced by archaeans.c. produced by fungi work by disrupting cellular processes or cell structures in specific bacterial species.d. are effective against a wide range of viruses and are commonly used to treat viral influenza.
Virusesa. divide by a form of cell division known as binary fission.b. are considered nonliving because they contain no hereditary material, such as DNA.c. infect humans but not bacteria.d. lack the ability to acquire energy independently.
Figure 17.18 shows the life cycle of the flu virus. According to the figure, the flu virusa. inserts its genetic material into the host cell's DNA.b. becomes wrapped in an envelope derived from the host cell's plasma membrane during the budding stage (step 6 ).c. breaks the host cell open, destroying it in the process, during the release stage (step 7).d. replicates itself through binary fission in the host cell's cytoplasm.