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Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology

Bradley Deline, Randa Harris, Karen Tefend

Chapter 5

Water - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

02:09

Problem 1

What type of stream drainage pattern is present on this map? This may be easier to determine by examining the tributaries to the main stream.
a. dendritic
b. trellis
c. radial
d. rectangular

Manish Jain
Manish Jain
Numerade Educator
00:59

Problem 2

Based on the drainage pattern type, does the bedrock underlying this area consist of rocks uniformly resistant to erosion or rocks alternating between resistant and non-resistant layers?
a. uniformly resistant bedrock
b. alternately resistant and non-resistant bedrock

Joanna Quigley
Joanna Quigley
Numerade Educator
02:34

Problem 3

Are the rocks likely tilted and folded or horizontal?
a. tilted and folded
b. horizontal

Kendrick Buford
Kendrick Buford
Numerade Educator
02:48

Problem 4

Are streams in this area downcutting or laterally eroding?
a. downcutting
b. laterally eroding

Anas Venkitta
Anas Venkitta
Numerade Educator
01:12

Problem 5

In which stage of the cycle of stream erosion is this area?
a. old age
b. mature
c. youthful

Hast Aggarwal
Hast Aggarwal
Numerade Educator
00:36

Problem 6

Calculate the stream gradient of Grape Creek in $\mathrm{ft} /$ mile. Use the index contour just above the "m" in Temple Canyon for your initial spot. Measure the gradient to the index contour past the word Creek (the last contour before it reaches Arkansas River). The distance between these areas is $\sim 1.6$ miles (measured along the curving distance of the non-magnified stream). What is the gradient?
a. $15 \%$ mile
b. $100^{\circ} / \mathrm{mile}$
c. $125 \%$ mile
d. $200^{\prime} / \mathrm{mile}$

Elizabeth Xu
Elizabeth Xu
Numerade Educator
00:52

Problem 7

Use the Omaha North, Nebraska-Iowa Map to answer question.
Observe the stream on the Omaha $\mathrm{N}$, Nebraska-Iowa quadrangle. In which stage of the cycle of stream erosion is this area?
a. old age
b. mature
c. youthful

Mitchell Cutler
Mitchell Cutler
Numerade Educator
02:10

Problem 8

Use the Omaha North, Nebraska-Iowa Map to answer question.
Compare the contour intervals from the Royal Gorge, Colorado map (map 5.1) to the Omaha $\mathrm{N}$, Nebraska-Iowa map. Would you expect the gradient of the Missouri River in Nebraska to be greater or less than the gradient that you calculated for the Grape River in Colorado?
a. less than the Grape River gradient
b. greater than the Grape River gradient

Alison Rodriguez
Alison Rodriguez
Numerade Educator
01:53

Problem 9

Use the Omaha North, Nebraska-Iowa Map to answer question.
Locate the state boundary between Nebraska and Iowa along the Missouri River. Why does the boundary depart from the river channel?
a. when the boundary was created, Iowans wanted the Carter Lake area in their state
b. the boundary follows the course of the river at the time that it was drawn; the river has since moved
c. none of the above

Amy Jiang
Amy Jiang
Numerade Educator
00:35

Problem 10

Use the Omaha North, Nebraska-Iowa Map to answer question.
What is the term for the geologic feature called Carter Lake?
a. entrenched meander
b. oxbow lake
c. cutbank
d. point bar

Liuxi Sun
Liuxi Sun
Numerade Educator
01:53

Problem 11

Use the Omaha North, Nebraska-Iowa Map to answer question.
Was Carter Lake cut off before or after the state boundary between Nebraska and Iowa was drawn?
a. before
b. after

Amy Jiang
Amy Jiang
Numerade Educator
00:50

Problem 12

On which date did a flood event have a recurrence interval of $0.5$ ?
a. $2 / 27 / 2013$
b. $10 / 13 / 2009$
c. $3 / 10 / 2011$
d. $4 / 20 / 2015$

Hast Aggarwal
Hast Aggarwal
Numerade Educator
01:14

Problem 13

Of the following dated flood events, which one would you expect to happen more often?
a. $8 / 27 / 2008$
b. $2 / 24 / 2013$
c. $2 / 6 / 2010$
d. $12 / 23 / 2013$

Cody Delk
Cody Delk
Numerade Educator
View

Problem 14

Observe your best fit line. What approximate discharge would be associated with a 5o year recurrence interval?
a. $2,000 \mathrm{cfs}$
b. $4,750 \mathrm{cfs}$
c. $8,500 \mathrm{cfs}$
d. $14,000 \mathrm{cfs}$

Danielle Fairburn
Danielle Fairburn
Numerade Educator
04:30

Problem 15

Flood stage, or bankfull stage, on Sweetwater Creek occurs at a discharge of $\sim 4,500$ cfs. According to your best fit line, what is the recurrence interval of such a discharge?
a. $0.5$ years
b. 3 years
c. 25 years
d. 50 years

Aamir Mithaiwala
Aamir Mithaiwala
Numerade Educator
01:44

Problem 16

During the flood event of $9 / 23 / 2009$, the discharge measured at this gaging station was 21,200 cfs. Note where this would plot on your graph. Would the recurrence interval for this flood plot at:
a. 100 years
b. 300 years
c. 700 years
d. longer than 1,000 years

Amy Jiang
Amy Jiang
Numerade Educator
01:04

Problem 17

Is it possible that a flood with a similar discharge to that of the event from $9 / 23 / 2009$ could happen again in the next 20 years?
a. Yes
b. No

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
01:03

Problem 18

Which gas station is the most likely source of the gasoline leak?
a. Station $\mathrm{A}$
b. Station $\mathrm{B}$
c. Station $\mathrm{C}$

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
03:43

Problem 19

Is the school likely to be at risk of contamination from this same leak?
a. Yes
b. No

Asma Venkitta
Asma Venkitta
Numerade Educator
00:58

Problem 20

Is the church likely to be at risk of contamination from this same leak?
a. Yes
b. No

Ishu Khandelwal
Ishu Khandelwal
Numerade Educator
00:20

Problem 21

Locate Little Sinking Creek in the southern portion of the map, north of Hwy. 68 and south of the Edmonson County Line. In which direction does it flow?
a. south
b. north
c. southeast
d. northwest

Kai Medina
Kai Medina
Numerade Educator
02:40

Problem 22

Follow the creek along its path. Where does it wind up?
a. Along Hwy. 68
b. It disappears underground

Vishal Gupta
Vishal Gupta
Numerade Educator
01:31

Problem 23

Find Sloans Crossing. It is south of Mammoth Cave. What is the benchmark elevation at Sloans Crossing?
a. $600^{\prime}$
b. $630^{\prime}$
c. $800^{\prime}$
d. $834^{\prime}$

Prabhu Ramji
Prabhu Ramji
Numerade Educator
00:29

Problem 24

Now look farther south of Sloans Crossing at Hwy. $31 \mathrm{~W}$. Look closely at the topography south of highway, and it changes abruptly. What feature(s) can you observe south of Hwy. $31 ?$
a. sinkholes
b. disappearing streams
c. generally lower land surface elevations
d. all of the above

Kai Medina
Kai Medina
Numerade Educator
01:00

Problem 25

Keeping the abrupt topography change in mind, which of the following is true?
a. In the northern portion of the map, the area is underlain by limestone
b. In the southern portion of the map, the area is underlain by limestone

Lauren Levites
Lauren Levites
Numerade Educator
06:02

Problem 26

Locate the Louisville and Nashville Railroad line just south of Hwy. 31. Would this be an easy location to maintain a railroad?
a. Yes
b. No

Harmender Singh Yadav
Harmender Singh Yadav
Numerade Educator
02:40

Problem 27

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for $72616.49 \mathrm{~S} 75$ oo $00.06 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of 15 miles.
How would one describe this river?
a. Straight
b. Meandering
c. Low sinuosity
d. Braided

Lucas Finney
Lucas Finney
Numerade Educator
02:12

Problem 28

In this stream, erosion is occurring on the _________ because ____________ while deposition is occurring on the __________ because ____________.
a. point bars; the fastest velocity water flows to this point; cut banks; the slowest velocity water flows to this point
b. point bars; the slowest velocity water flows to this point; cut banks; the fastest velocity water flows to this point
c. cut banks; the fastest velocity water flows to this point; point bars; the slowest velocity water flows to this point
d. cut banks; the slowest velocity water flows to this point; point bars; the fastest velocity water flows to this point

RZ
Rubeena Zulfiqar
Numerade Educator
02:40

Problem 29

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for $635555.23 \mathrm{~N} 170107.14 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of 10,000 feet.
How would one describe this river?
a. Straight
b. Meandering
c. Low sinuosity
d. Braided

Lucas Finney
Lucas Finney
Numerade Educator
03:19

Problem 30

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for $635555.23 \mathrm{~N} 170107.14 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of 10,000 feet.
What factors control the course of this river?
a. Steep gradient and high discharge
b. Low gradient and low discharge
c. Low gradient and abundant sediment supply
d. Steep gradient and low sediment supply

Suman Saurav Thakur
Suman Saurav Thakur
Numerade Educator
05:18

Problem 31

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for $380112.18 \mathrm{~N} 1214320.02 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of 30,000 feet.
. The river in this area has a rather particular pattern, what geologic process caused this?
a. a meander eroded through its bank and created an oxbow lake
b. the river is in a karst terrain and disappeared into the ground
c. the river is following patterns, likely faults, in the underlying bedrock
d. during a flood the river breached the natural levee flowing into the floodplain

Rikhil Makwana
Rikhil Makwana
Numerade Educator
01:44

Problem 32

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for $380112.18 \mathrm{~N} 1214320.02 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of 30,000 feet.
Zoom out and examine the surrounding area, what geological hazards are likely in the area?
a. sinkholes
b. flooding of urban areas
c. erosion and subsidence
d. none of the above

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
02:37

Problem 33

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for $412430.77 \mathrm{~N} 1221146.23 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom to an eye altitude 50, ooo feet.
What type of drainage pattern is present in this area?
a. Trellis
b. Dendritic
c. Rectangular
d. Radial
e. Deranged

Dharmendra Jain
Dharmendra Jain
Numerade Educator
02:40

Problem 34

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for $412430.77 \mathrm{~N} 1221146.23 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom to an eye altitude 50, ooo feet.
What does this type of drainage pattern indicate about the area?
a. rocks in the area are homogeneous and/or flat lying
b. rocks in the area are alternating resistant and non-resistant, forming parallel ridges and valleys
c. stream channels radiate outward like wheel spokes from a high point
d. stream channels flow randomly with no relation to underlying rocks or structure

Lucas Finney
Lucas Finney
Numerade Educator
02:40

Problem 35

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for 3645 41.23N 8518 34.22W and zoom out to an eye altitude of $25,000 \mathrm{ft}$. Although there is no stream present today, the stream channels can be clearly seen.
What type of drainage pattern was present in this area?
a. Trellis
b. Dendritic
c. Rectangular
d. Radial
e. Deranged

Lucas Finney
Lucas Finney
Numerade Educator
02:40

Problem 36

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for 3645 41.23N 8518 34.22W and zoom out to an eye altitude of $25,000 \mathrm{ft}$. Although there is no stream present today, the stream channels can be clearly seen.
What does this type of drainage pattern indicate about the area?
a. rocks in the area are homogeneous and/or flat lying
b. rocks in the area are alternating resistant and non-resistant, forming parallel ridges and valleys
c. stream channels radiate outward like wheel spokes from a high point
d. stream channels flow randomly with no relation to underlying rocks or structure

Lucas Finney
Lucas Finney
Numerade Educator
00:36

Problem 37

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for 3645 41.23N 8518 34.22W and zoom out to an eye altitude of $25,000 \mathrm{ft}$. Although there is no stream present today, the stream channels can be clearly seen.
In what direction was the main river flowing?
a. west
b. east
c. north
d. south

Chris Johnson
Chris Johnson
Numerade Educator
04:08

Problem 38

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for 28 38 01.92N $8122 44.78 W$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of $13,000 \mathrm{ft}$.
How were these lakes formed?
a. they were man-made - all are dammed
b. they are formed by large rivers in the area
c. as sinkholes, as underlying soluble rock was dissolved and areas collapsed
d. they are impact structures that filled with water

Ma Ednelyn Lim
Ma Ednelyn Lim
Numerade Educator
03:19

Problem 39

Use Google Earth. Paste the location that is given into the "Search" box. Examine each location at multiple eye altitudes and differing amounts of tilt. For any measurements that use the ruler tool, this can be accessed by clicking on the ruler icon above the image.
Search for 28 38 01.92N $8122 44.78 W$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of $13,000 \mathrm{ft}$.
What type of bedrock is present in this area?
a. limestone
b. sandstone
c. gneiss
d. granite
e. chert

Suman Saurav Thakur
Suman Saurav Thakur
Numerade Educator
04:47

Problem 40

In the Search tab, type in Noctis Labyrinthus and zoom to $\sim 300$ miles.
These features you are seeing are linear valleys. Assume that water flowed through these valleys at some time. What type of drainage pattern would this area represent?
a. Trellis
b. Dendritic
c. Rectangular
d. Radial
e. Deranged

Sheryl Ezze
Sheryl Ezze
Numerade Educator
00:59

Problem 41

In the Search tab, type in Noctis Labyrinthus and zoom to $\sim 300$ miles.
Think about the drainage pattern you selected in the previous answer - what does this tell you about the underlying rocks?
a. the rocks are probably fractured
b. the rocks are uniformly resistant
c. the rocks are part of a topographic high, like a mountain
d. the rocks are alternately resistant and non-resistant

Joanna Quigley
Joanna Quigley
Numerade Educator
04:47

Problem 42

In the Search tab, type in Warrego Valles and zoom to $\sim 120$ miles.
Notice the general shape of this feature. It is thought to have formed by the runoff of either precipitation or groundwater. What type of drainage does this appear to be?
a. Trellis
b. Dendritic
c. Rectangular
d. Radial
e. Deranged

Sheryl Ezze
Sheryl Ezze
Numerade Educator