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Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology

Bradley Deline, Randa Harris, Karen Tefend

Chapter 1

Introduction To Physical Geology - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

01:21

Problem 1

Relative time is an important tool for geologist to quickly construct series of events, especially in the field. In the following section, apply what you have learned regarding relative time to the questions below.
In Figure $1.8$, which of the following rock layers is the oldest?
a. A
b. B
c. C

Charles Machakwa
Charles Machakwa
Numerade Educator
01:21

Problem 2

Relative time is an important tool for geologist to quickly construct series of events, especially in the field. In the following section, apply what you have learned regarding relative time to the questions below.
Which Geologic Law did you use to come to the conclusion you made in the previous question?
a. The Law of Superposition
b. The Law of Cross-Cutting
c. The Law of Original Horizontality
d. Unconformities

Charles Machakwa
Charles Machakwa
Numerade Educator
01:21

Problem 3

Relative time is an important tool for geologist to quickly construct series of events, especially in the field. In the following section, apply what you have learned regarding relative time to the questions below.
In Figure $1.9$, which of the following geologic structures is the youngest?
a. $A$
b. B
c. $\mathrm{C}$

Charles Machakwa
Charles Machakwa
Numerade Educator
01:43

Problem 4

Which Geologic Law did you use to come to the conclusion you made in the previous question?
a. The Law of Superposition
b. The Law of Cross-Cutting
c. The Law of Original Horizontality
d. Unconformities

Joanna Quigley
Joanna Quigley
Numerade Educator
00:27

Problem 5

Examine unconformities 1 and 2 indicated in Figure $1.9 .$ Which of the following statements about them is true?
a. The older unconformity is a Nonconformity, while the younger is an Angular Unconformity.
b. The older unconformity is a Disconformity, while the younger is a Nonconformity.
c. The older unconformity is a Nonconformity, while the younger is a Disconformity.
d. The older unconformity is an Angular Unconformity, while the younger is a Disconformity.

Mishal Gul
Mishal Gul
Numerade Educator
02:38

Problem 6

Examine the Unconformity shown in Figure 1.10. What type of unconformity is this?
a. Angular Unconformity
b. Nonconformity
c. Disconformity

Jennifer Vangorder-Braid
Jennifer Vangorder-Braid
Numerade Educator
00:27

Problem 7

Which of the above geologic events is the second in the sequence?
a. $A$
b. $\mathrm{B}$
c. C
d. D
e. E
f. F
g. G
h. H

Rikhil Makwana
Rikhil Makwana
Numerade Educator
01:49

Problem 8

Which of the above geologic events is the fifth in the sequence?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. $D$
e. E
f. F
g. G
h. $\mathrm{H}$

Joanna Quigley
Joanna Quigley
Numerade Educator
00:27

Problem 9

Which of the above geologic events is the seventh in the sequence?
a. A
b. $\mathrm{B}$
c. C
d. D
e. $E$
f. F
g. G
h. H

Rikhil Makwana
Rikhil Makwana
Numerade Educator
00:56

Problem 10

Based on the assemblage of organisms (A-I) in this sample, what is the age of this rock?
a. Economy
b. Southgate
c. McMicken
d. Mt. Hope
e. Fairmount
f. Bellevue
g. Corryville
h. Mt. Auburn

Bin Chen
Bin Chen
Numerade Educator
01:06

Problem 11

Which organism was the most useful in coming to this conclusion (which is the best index fossil)?
a. Isotelus
b. Zygospira
c. Cyclonema
d. Vinlandostrophia
e. Parvohallopora
f. Cincinnetina
g. Streptaster
h. Ambonychia

Grant Castaneda
Grant Castaneda
Numerade Educator
01:06

Problem 12

Which organism was the least useful in coming to this conclusion (which is the worst index fossil)?
a. Isotelus
b. Zygospira
c. Cyclonema
d. Vinlandostrophia
e. Parvohallopora
f. Cincinnetina
g. Streptaster
h. Ambonychia

Grant Castaneda
Grant Castaneda
Numerade Educator
01:10

Problem 13

How much of the parent isotope would be remaining after 7 half-lives have passed?
a. $6.25 \%$
b. $1.56 \%$
c. $0.78 \%$
d. $0.39 \%$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:03

Problem 14

If a radiometric element has a half-life of 425 years, how old would a rock be that only had $3.125 \%$ of the parent isotope remaining?
a. 2125 years
b. 1700 years
c. 2550 years
d. 3400 years

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
01:42

Problem 15

Based on your graph above, approximately how much of the parent isotope would be remaining after $3.5$ half-lives?
a. $16 \%$
b. $12 \%$
c. $4 \%$
d. $8 \%$

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
02:09

Problem 16

Based on your graph above, approximately how many half-lives have passed when only $35 \%$ of the parent isotope is remaining?
a. $0.75$
b. $1.5$
c. $2.1$
d. $2.5$

John Barone
John Barone
Numerade Educator
01:01

Problem 17

Using what you learned in the previous section regarding absolute dating, determine the most appropriate methods and the ages of the materials in the following question
.An Archeologist finds some cotton cloth at a burial site and wants to determine the age of the remains. Which isotopic system should they use?
a. Carbon-14
b. Uranium
c. Potassium-Argon

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
03:28

Problem 18

Using what you learned in the previous section regarding absolute dating, determine the most appropriate methods and the ages of the materials in the following question
The Archeologist determines that there is $16.7 \%$ of the parent isotope remaining in the cloth sample. How old is the burial site? Hint: you can find the length of the half-life in the reading above.
a. 13,559 years
b. 14,798 years
c. 16,743 years
d. $1.66$ billion years
e. $1.81$ billion years
f. $2.05$ billion

Nicholas Majtenyi
Nicholas Majtenyi
Numerade Educator
03:28

Problem 19

Using what you learned in the previous section regarding absolute dating, determine the most appropriate methods and the ages of the materials in the following question.
A geologist is trying to date a sequence of sedimentary rocks with abundant fossils and sandstones. Within the sequence is a distinctive clay layer that under closer inspection is fine-grained volcanic ash. Which of the following is the best way to obtain an absolute date for the sequence of rocks?
a. Carbon date the fossils
b. Potassium-Argon date the sands
c. Uranium date the Zircons in the ash
d. Identify the index fossils

Nicholas Majtenyi
Nicholas Majtenyi
Numerade Educator
03:28

Problem 20

Using what you learned in the previous section regarding absolute dating, determine the most appropriate methods and the ages of the materials in the following question.
The geologist determines there is $78.3 \%$ of the parent remaining in the sample that they examine. How old is the sequence of rocks? Hint: you can find the length of the half-life in the reading above.
a. $187.5$ million years
b. $247.8$ million years
c. $390.7$ million years
d. $2.504$ billion years
e. $1.588$ billion years
f. $1.202$ billion years

Nicholas Majtenyi
Nicholas Majtenyi
Numerade Educator