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Human Biology

Sylvia S. Mader

Chapter 19

Cancer - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

08:18

Problem 1

List and briefly discuss the seven characteristics of cancer cells that cause them to be abnormal. (pages $446-48$ )

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02:45

Problem 2

What are the roles of the two genes that mutate, causing cancer to develop? (pages $448-49)$

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Breanna Kloczkowski
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01:36

Problem 3

What are the four types of cancer based on place of origin? (pages $449-50$ )

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02:28

Problem 4

What are the top four types of new cancer cases in males? In females? (page 450 )

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02:55

Problem 5

What are the general causes of cancer? What are several types of environmental mutagens? (pages $451-52$ )

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04:21

Problem 6

What are the seven warning signals of cancer? (page 454 )

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Problem 7

List and describe three tests designed to detect cancer. (pages $454-57$ )

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06:09

Problem 8

Describe three standard therapies for cancer treatment. (pages $457-59)$

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08:44

Problem 9

Describe some newer therapies that may be successful in cancer treatment. (pages $459-60$ )

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01:07

Problem 10

Whereas _______ stimulate the cell cycle, _______ inhibit the cell cycle.
a. tumor-suppressor genes, oncogenes
b. oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes
c. proto-oncogenes, oncogenes
d. proto-oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes

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00:57

Problem 11

Growth factors lead to
a. increased cell division.
b. the functioning of cyclin proteins.
c. progression through the cell cycle.
d. All of these are correct.

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00:39

Problem 12

Which of these is not true of the gene $p 53 ?$
a. Mutations of both proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes lead to inactivity of $p 53$
b. Normally, $p 53$ functions to stop the cell cycle and initiate repair enzymes, when necessary.
c. Normally, $p 53$ restores the length of telomeres.
d. Cancer cells shut down the activity of $p 53$, even though it may be present.

Mishal Gul
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02:22

Problem 13

Which association is incorrect?
a. proto-oncogenes-code for cyclin and proteins that inhibit the activity of $p 53$
b. oncogenes-"grain of function" genes
c. mutated tumor-suppressor genes- code for cyclin and proteins that inhibit the activity of $p 53$
d. mutated tumor-suppressor genes-"loss of function" mutations
e. Both a and c are incorrect.

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02:22

Problem 14

To stimulate the immune system to fight cancer, which type of cells is genetically engineered?
a. Macrophages because they will devour cancer cells.
b. Tumor cells because they can be engineered to display more antigens than normal.
c. Antigen-presenting cells because they can present tumor antigens to cytotoxic T cells.
d. Any type of cell can present tumor antigens to cytotoxic T cells.
e. All of these are correct.

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02:35

Problem 15

Following each cell cycle, telomeres
a. get longer.
b. get shorter.
c. return to the same length.
d. bind to cyclin proteins.

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02:21

Problem 16

Bone marrow transplants are done in conjunction with chemotherapy because
a. Smoking and pollutants can kill bone marrow stem cells
b. Blood cells will be engineered to have cancer antigens.
c. This procedure is no longer done.
d. Chemotherapy sometimes kills bone marrow stem cells.
e. All of these are correct.

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01:07

Problem 17

Angiogenic growth factors function to
a. stimulate the development of new blood vessels.
b. activate tumor-suppressor genes.
c. change proto-oncogenes into oncogenes.
d. promote metastasis.

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07:51

Problem 18

A tumor with cells that spread to secondary locations is referred to as
a. benign.
b. cancer in situ.
c. malignant.
d. encapsulated.

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07:02

Problem 19

Which of the following is not a type of carcinogen?
a. tobacco smoke
b. radiation
c. pollutants
d. viruses
e. All of these are carcinogens.

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00:45

Problem 20

What type of cancer is associated with human papillomaviruses?
a. breast
b. cervical
c. kidney
d. lymphatic

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02:46

Problem 21

Why is cancer called a genetic disease?
a. Cancer is always inherited.
b. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by mutations.
c. Cancer causes mutations that are passed on to offspring.
d. All of these are correct.

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00:23

Problem 22

Leukemia is a form of cancer that affects
a. lymphatic tissue.
b. bone tissue.
c. blood-forming cells.
d. nervous system structures.

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00:54

Problem 23

Which is the name of the tumor-suppressor gene that causes retinoblastoma?
a. $p 21$
b. $R B$
c. $r a s$
d. $T G F-b$

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00:39

Problem 24

What is the most common form of cancer in men?
a. colon
b. lung
c. prostate
d. testicular

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08:41

Problem 25

Concerning the causes of cancer, which one is incorrect?
a. Genetic mutations cause cancer.
b. Genetic mutations can be caused by environmental influences, such as radiation, organic chemicals, and viruses.
c. An active immune system, diet, and exercise can help prevent cancer.
d. Heredity cannot be a cause of cancer.

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02:41

Problem 26

Which of the following is not a warning signal for cancer?
a. sore that does not heal
b. change in bowel or bladder habits
c. nagging cough or hoarseness
d. shortness of breath or fatigue

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02:12

Problem 27

Which of these tests for the particular cancer is mismatched?
a. breast cancer-mammogram
b. lung cancer-X-ray
c. cervical cancer-Pap test
d. prostate cancer-CA-125 test

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05:55

Problem 28

Following a biopsy, what does a doctor look for to diagnose cancer?
a. He/She looks for abnormal-appearing cells.
b. He/She sees if the cells can divide.
c. He/She sees if the cells will respond to growth factors.
d. He/She sees if the chromosomes have telomeres.

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01:28

Problem 29

Most chemotherapeutic drugs kill cells by
a. producing pores in plasma membranes.
b. interfering with protein synthesis.
c. interfering with cellular respiration.
d. interfering with DNA and/or enzymes.

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01:06

Problem 30

Multidrug resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs occurs because
a. cancer cells can use plasma membrane carriers to pump drugs out of the cell.
b. one drug may interfere with the activity of another drug.
c. using several drugs at once will overtax the patient's immune system.
d. using several drugs at once decreases the effectiveness of radiation therapy.

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01:59

Problem 31

$p 53$ gene therapy
a. triggers cytotoxic T cells to destroy tumor cells.
b. triggers apoptosis in cancer cells.
c. produces monoclonal antibodies against the tumor cells.
d. reduces tumors by breaking up their blood vessels.

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