Chapter Questions
What are the two parts of the cardiovascular system, and what are the functions of each part? (page $92)$
Explain where exchanges occur in the body and the importance of those exchanges. (pages $93-94$ )
Which of the three types of blood vessels are most numerous? Explain. (page 93 )
Describe the structure of the heart, including the chambers and valves. (pages $94-96$ )
What is the function of the septum in the heart? What would happen if the heart had no septum? (page 95 )
Trace the path of blood through the heart, including chambers, valves, and vessels the blood travels through. (pages $96-97$ )
Describe the cardiac cycle, using the terms systole and diastole. What is the role of the SA node and the AV node in the cardiac cycle? (pages $97-99$ )
Distinguish between the internal and external controls of the heartbeat. Explain how an ECG relates to the cardiac cycle. (pages $97-99$ )
In what vessel is the blood pressure the highest? The lowest? In what vessel is blood flow rate the fastest? The slowest? Why is the pressure and rate in the capillaries important to capillary function? (pages $100-01$ )
Explain why skeletal muscle contraction has an effect on venous flow but not arterial flow. (pages $100-01$ )
Distinguish between the two cardiovascular pathways. (pages $102-03$ )
Trace the pathway of blood to and from the brain in the systemic circuit. (pages $102-04$ )
Describe the process by which nutrients are exchanged for wastes across a capillary, using glucose and carbon dioxide as examples. (pages $104-05$ )
What is the most probable association between high blood pressure and a heart attack? With this association in mind, what type of diet might help prevent a heart attack? (page 105 )
Match the descriptions to the circuit in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. pulmonary circuitb. systemic circuitc. both pulmonary and systemicArteries carry $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ -rich blood.
Match the descriptions to the circuit in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. pulmonary circuitb. systemic circuitc. both pulmonary and systemicCarbon dioxide leaves the capillaries, and oxygen enters the capillaries.
Match the descriptions to the circuit in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. pulmonary circuitb. systemic circuitc. both pulmonary and systemicArteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry blood toward the heart.
Match the descriptions to the circuit in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. pulmonary circuitb. systemic circuitc. both pulmonary and systemicThis contains the hepatic portal system.
Match the descriptions to the blood vessel in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. venulesb. veinsc. capillariesd. arteriese. arteriolesDrain blood from capillaries
Match the descriptions to the blood vessel in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. venulesb. veinsc. capillariesd. arteriese. arteriolesEmpty into capillaries
Match the descriptions to the blood vessel in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. venulesb. veinsc. capillariesd. arteriese. arteriolesMay contain valves
Match the descriptions to the blood vessel in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. venulesb. veinsc. capillariesd. arteriese. arteriolesTake blood away from the heart
Match the descriptions to the blood vessel in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. venulesb. veinsc. capillariesd. arteriese. arteriolesSites for exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid
Match the descriptions to the blood vessel in the key. Answers may be used more than once.Key:a. venulesb. veinsc. capillariesd. arteriese. arteriolesRate of blood flow is the slowest
During ventricular diastole,a. blood flows into the aorta.b. the ventricles contract.c. the semilunar valves are closed.d. Both a and b are correct.
When the atria contract, the blood flowsa. into the attached blood vessels.b. into the ventricles.c. through the atrioventricular valves.d. to the lungs.e. Both b and c are correct.
Heart valves located at the bases of the pulmonary trunk and aorta are calleda. atrioventricular valves.b. semilunar valves.c. mitral valves.d. chordae tendineae.
Which of these associations is mismatched?a. left ventricle- aortab. right ventricle- -pulmonary trunkc. right atrium- vena cavad. left atrium-pulmonary arterye. Both b and c are incorrectly matched.
Which statement is not correct concerning the heartbeat?a. The atria contract at the same time.b. The ventricles relax at the same time.c. The $A V$ valves open at the same time.d. The semilunar valves open at the same time.e. First the right side contracts; then the left side contracts.
If a person's blood pressure is $115 \mathrm{mm}$ Hg over $75 \mathrm{mm} \mathrm{Hg}$, the 75 representsa. systolic pressure.b. diastolic pressure.c. pressure during ventricular relaxation.d. Both b and c are correct.
Accumulation of plaque in an artery wall isa. an aneurysm.b. angina pectoris.c. atherosclerosis.d. hypertension.e. a thromboembolism.
Label the following diagram of the cardiovascular system using this alphabetized list: aorta carotid arteryiliac artery iliac vein inferior vena cava jugular vein mesenteric arterieshepatic portal vein hepatic veinpulmonary arterypulmonary veinrenal arteryrenal veinsuperior vena cava
Label the following diagram showing the forces involved with capillary exchange. Use either blood pressure or osmotic pressure to label arrows a-d.