Chapter Questions
Explain the three tenets of the cell theory. (page 44 )
Which type of microscope would you use to observe the swimming behavior of a flagellated protozoan? Explain. (page 45 )
Describe how the eukaryotic cell gained mitochondria and chloroplasts. (page 46 )
Invagination of plasma membrane produced what structures in eukaryotic cells not present in prokaryotic cells? (page 46 )
What are glycoproteins, and what functions do proteins, including glycoproteins, have in the plasma membrane? (pages $48-49)$
A plant wilts if its roots are placed in which type solution (i.e., a hypertonic, a hypotonic, or an isotonic solution)? Explain. (pages $48-49$ )
What is endocytosis and exocytosis, and how do they occur? (page 51 )
For the following cell organelles, describe the structure and function of each: nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles, and mitochondria. (pages $52-56$ )
Describe the structure and function of the cytoskeleton. (pages $54-55$ )
Describe an enzyme and coenzyme. Explain the mechanism of enzyme function, particularly the relationship of shape to its activity. (pages $56-58$ )
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? Explain. (pages $58-59$ )
Running for the bus may produce an oxygen deficit. Explain. $(\text { page } 60)$
The cell theory statesa. cells form as organelles, and molecules become grouped together in an organized manner.b. the normal functioning of an organism does not depend on its individual cells.c. the cell is the basic unit of life for all living things.d. only animals are made of cells.
The small size of cells is best correlated witha. the fact that they are self-reproducing.b. an adequate surface area for exchange of materials.c. their vast versatility.d. All of these are correct.
A phospholipid has a head and two tails. The tails are founda. at the surfaces of the membrane.b. in the interior of the membrane.c. spanning the membrane.d. where the environment is hydrophobic.e. Both b and d are correct.
Facilitated diffusion differs from diffusion in that facilitated diffusiona. involves the passive use of a carrier protein.b. involves the active use of a carrier protein.c. moves a molecule from a low to high concentration.d. involves the use of ATP molecules.
When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution,a. solute exits the cell to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane.b. water exits the cell toward the area of lower solute concentration.c. water enters the cell toward the area of higher solute concentration.d. solute exits and water enters the cell.
Match each function to the proper organelle in the key.a. mitochondrionb. nucleusc. Golgi apparatusd. rough ERPackaging and secretion
Match each function to the proper organelle in the key.a. mitochondrionb. nucleusc. Golgi apparatusd. rough ERPowerhouse of cell
Match each function to the proper organelle in the key.a. mitochondrionb. nucleusc. Golgi apparatusd. rough ERProtein synthesis
Match each function to the proper organelle in the key.a. mitochondrionb. nucleusc. Golgi apparatusd. rough ERControl center for the cell
Vesicles carrying proteins for secretion move from the ER to thea. smooth ER.b. lysosomes.c. Golgi apparatus.d. nucleolus.
Lysosomes function ina. protein synthesis.b. processing and packaging.c. intracellular digestion.d. lipid synthesis.
Mitochondriaa. are involved in cellular respiration.b. break down ATP to release energy for cells.c. contain hemoglobin and cristae.d. have a convoluted outer membrane.e. All of these are correct.
The active site of an enzymea. is identical to that of any other enzyme.b. is the part of the enzyme where the substrate can fit.c. can be used over and over.d. is where the coenzyme binds.e. Both b and c are correct.
The metabolic process that produces the most ATP molecules isa. glycolysis.b. the citric acid cycle.c. the electron transport chain.d. fermentation.
The oxygen required by cellular respiration becomes part of which molecule?a. ATPb. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$c. pyruvate$\mathrm{d} . \mathrm{CO}_{2}$
Use these terms to label the following diagram of the plasma membrane: carbohydrate chain, filaments of the cytoskeleton, hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails, protein (used twice), phospholipid bilayer.
Use these terms to label the following diagram: substrates, enzyme (used twice), active site, product, and enzymesubstrate complex.