Biology 2015

The surface-area-to-volume ratio defines what aspect of a cell?
a. whether it is eukaryotic or prokaryotic
b. whether it is plant or animal
c. its size
d. its ability to move

The cell theory states that
a. cells are the basic units of life.
b. all organisms are composed of cells.
c. all cells come from preexisting cells.
d. All of these are correct.

Which of the following best distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?
a. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, but eukaryotic cells never do.
b. Prokaryotic cells are much larger than eukaryotic cells.
c. Prokaryotic cells have flagella, but eukaryotic cells do not.
d. Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do have such a nucleus.
e. Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes, but eukaryotic cells do not have ribosomes.

Which structures are found in a prokaryotic cell?
a. cell wall, ribosomes, thylakoids, chromosome
b. cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleus, flagellum
c. nucleoid, ribosomes, chloroplasts, capsule
d. plasmid, ribosomes, enzymes, DNA, mitochondria
e. chlorophyll, enzymes, Golgi apparatus, plasmids

A spherical-shaped prokaryotic cell is called a
a. coccus.
b. spirochete.
c. bacillus.
d. None of these are correct

Which organelle most likely originated by invagination of the plasma membrane?
a. mitochondria
b. flagella
c. nucleus
d. chloroplasts
e. All of these are correct.

Which of the following organelles contains its (their) own DNA, suggesting they were once independent prokaryotes?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. mitochondria
c. chloroplasts
d. ribosomes
e. Both b and c are correct.

Which of these is not found in the nucleus?
a. functioning ribosomes
b. chromatin that condenses to chromosomes
c. nucleolus that produces rRNA
d. nucleoplasm instead of cytoplasm
e. all forms of RNA

The _____ is(are) responsible for protein synthesis in a cell.
a. chromatin
b. chromosomes
c. ribosomes
d. nucleoplasm

Which of the following terms indicates the basic unit of hereditary information?
a. gene
b. chromosome
c. chromatin
d. nucleoplasm

Vesicles from the rough ER most likely are on their way to
a. the peroxisomes.
b. the lysosomes.
c. the Golgi apparatus.
d. the plant cell vacuole only.
e. the location suitable to their size.

Lysosomes function in
a. protein synthesis.
b. processing and packaging.
c. intracellular digestion.
d. lipid synthesis.
e. production of hydrogen peroxide.

Which of the following is reponsible for the synthesis of proteins that are being exported from the cell?
a. smooth ER
b. rough ER
c. lysosome
d. peroxisome

Vesicles with specific metabolic functions in a cell are called
a. the cytoskeleton.
b. centrioles.
c. ribosomes.
d. microbodies.

These microbodies break down fatty acids and contain catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide.
a. lysosome
b. central vacuole
c. peroxisome
d. chromatin

Mitochondria
a. are involved in cellular respiration.
b. break down ATP to release energy for cells.
c. are present in animal cells but not plant cells.
d. All of these are correct.

Which organelle releases oxygen?
a. ribosome c. chloroplast
b. Golgi apparatus d. smooth ER

Which of the following would not be found in a chloroplast?
a. grana c. cristae
b. thylakoids d. stroma

Which of these is not true?
a. Actin filaments are located under the plasma membrane.
b. Microtubules are organized by centrosomes.
c. Intermediate filaments are associated with the nuclear envelope.
d. Motor molecules move materials along intermediate filaments

Cilia and flagella
a. have a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules, the same as basal bodies.
b. contain myosin that pulls on actin filaments.
c. are organized by basal bodies derived from centrioles.
d. are constructed similarly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
e. Both a and c are correct.