Chemistry Matter and Change

Thandi Buthelezi, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen Cheryl Wistrom, Dinah Zike

Chapter 9

Chemical Reactions - all with Video Answers

Educators

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Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Hydrogen and bromine gases react to yield hydrogen bromide.
$$ \text { hydrogen} (\mathrm {g})+ \text { bromide }(\mathrm {g}) \rightarrow \text { hydrogen bromide } (\mathrm {g})$$

Rashmi Sinha

Rashmi Sinha

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Problem 2

When carbon monoxide and oxygen react, carbon dioxide forms.
$$ \text { carbon monoxide } (\mathrm {g})+ \text { oxygen }(\mathrm {g}) \rightarrow \text { carbon dioxide } (\mathrm {g})$$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Challenge Write the word equation and the skeleton equation for the following reaction: when heated, solid potassium chlorate yields solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas.

Lindsey Smaka

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

In water, iron(III) chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide, producing solid iron(III) hydroxide and sodium chloride.

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Liquid carbon disulfide reacts with oxygen gas, producing carbon dioxide gas and sulfur dioxide gas.

SE

Shrika Eddula

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Challenge A piece of zinc metal is added to a solution of hydroge sulfate. This reaction produces a gas and a solution of zinc sulfate.

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

A Explain why it is important that a chemical equation be balance

Lindsey Smaka

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

List three types of physical evidence that indicate a chemical reaction has occurred.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

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Problem 9

Compare and contrast a skeleton equation and a chemical equation.

Lindsey Smaka

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Explain why it is important to reduce coefficients in a balanced equation to the lowest-possible whole-number ratio.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

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Problem 11

Analyze When balancing a chemical equation, can you adjust the subscript in a formula? Explain.

Lindsey Smaka

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Assess Is the following equation balanced? If not, correct the coefficients to balance the equation.
$$2 \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{KNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Pb} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}(\mathrm{s})$$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Evaluate Aqueous phosphoric acid and aqueous calcium hydroxide react to form solid calcium phosphate and water. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

The solids aluminum and sulfur react to produce aluminum sulfide.

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Water and dinitrogen pentoxide gas react to produce aqueous hydrogen nitrate.

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

The gases nitrogen dioxide and oxygen react to produce dinitrogen pentoxide gas.

Chareen Guzman

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Challenge Sulfuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)$ and sodium hydroxide solutions react to produce aqueous sodium sulfate and water.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

Aluminum oxide(s) decomposes when electricity passes through it.

Noah Barguez-Arias

Noah Barguez-Arias

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

Nickel( II) hydroxide(s) decomposes to produce nickel( II) oxide(s) and water.

Jennifer Hudspeth

Jennifer Hudspeth

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Challenge Heating sodium hydrogen carbonate(s) produces sodium carbonate(aq) and water. Carbon dioxide gas is also produced.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

$\mathrm{K}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

$\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{HF}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

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Problem 23

$\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 24

Challenge Al(s) $+\operatorname{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

The two substances at right react to produce solid silver iodide and aqueous lithium nitrate.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 26

Aqueous barium chloride and aqueous potassium carbonate react to produce solid barium carbonate and aqueous potassium chloride.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

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Problem 27

Aqueous sodium oxalate and aqueous lead(II) nitrate react to produce solid lead(II) oxalate and aqueous sodium nitrate.

Vishal Sharma

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Problem 28

Challenge Acetic acid $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\right)$ and potassium hydroxide react to produce potassium acetate and water.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

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Problem 29

Describe the four types of chemical reactions and their characteristics.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 30

Explain how an activity series of metals is organized.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

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Problem 31

Compare and contrast single-replacement reactions and double-replacement reactions.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 32

Describe the result of a double-replacement reaction.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 33

Classify What type of reaction is most likely to occur when barium reacts with fluorine? Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 34

Interpret Data Could the following reaction occur? Explain your answer.
$$3 \mathrm{Ni}+2 \mathrm{AuBr}_{3} \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{NiBr}_{2}+2 \mathrm{Au}$$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 35

Aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and silver nitrate are mixed, forming the precipitate silver iodide.

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 36

Aqueous solutions of ammonium phosphate and sodium sulfate are mixed. No precipitate forms and no gas is produced.

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

Problem 37

Aqueous solutions of aluminum chloride and sodium hydroxide are mixed, forming the precipitate aluminum hydroxide.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 38

Aqueous solutions of lithium sulfate and calcium nitrate are mixed, forming the precipitate calcium sulfate.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

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Problem 39

Challenge When aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and manganese(V) chloride are mixed, a precipitate forms. The precipitate is a compound containing manganese.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 40

Mixing sulfuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)$ and aqueous potassium hydroxide produces water and aqueous potassium sulfate.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 41

Mixing hydrochloric acid (HCl) and aqueous calcium hydroxide produces water and aqueous calcium chloride.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 42

Mixing nitric acid (HNO $_{3} )$ and aqueous ammonium hydroxide produces water and aqueous ammonium nitrate.

Amanda Hyde

Numerade Educator

Problem 43

Mixing hydrosulfuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}\right)$ and aqueous calcium hydroxide produces water and aqueous calcium sulfate.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 44

Challenge When benzoic acid $\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\right)$ and magnesium hydroxide are mixed, water and magnesium benzoate are produced.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 45

Perchloric acid $\left(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\right)$ reacts with aqueous potassium carbonate, forming carbon dioxide gas and water.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 46

Sulfuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{\mathrm{A}}\right)$ reacts with aqueous sodium cyanide, forming hydrogen cyanide gas and aqueous sodium sulfate.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 47

Hydrobromic acid $(\mathrm{HBr})$ reacts with aqueous ammonium carbonate, forming carbon dioxide gas and water.

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 48

Nitric acid $\left(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\right)$ reacts with aqueous potassium rubidium sulfide, forming hydrogen sulfide gas.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 49

Challenge Aqueous potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate in solution, forming solid lead iodide.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 50

List three common types of products produced by reactions that occur in aqueous solutions.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 51

Describe solvents and solutes in an aqueous solution.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 52

Distinguish between a complete ionic equation and a net ionic equation.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 53

Write complete ionic and net ionic equations for the reaction between sulfuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)$ and calcium carbonate $\left(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\right)$.
$$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq})$$

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 54

Analyze Complete and balance the following equation
$$\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$$

Victor Salazar

Numerade Educator

Problem 55

Predict What type of product would the following reaction be most likely to produce? Explain your reasoning.
$$\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$$

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 56

Formulate Equations A reaction occurs when nitric acid (HNO $_{3}$ ) is mixed with an aqueous solution of potassium hydrogen carbonate. Aqueous potassium nittrate is produced. Write the chemical and net ionic equations for the reaction.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 57

Define chemical equation.

Ayushi Balan

Numerade Educator

Problem 58

Distinguish between a chemical reaction and a chemical equation.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 59

Explain the difference between reactants and products.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 60

What do the arrows and coefficients in equations communicate?

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 61

Does a conversion of a substance into a new substance always indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred? Explain.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 62

Write formulas for the following substances and designate their physical states.
a. nitrogen dioxide gas
b. liquid gallium
c. barium chloride dissolved in water
d. solid ammonium carbonate

Ayushi Balan

Numerade Educator

Problem 63

Identify the reactants in the following reaction: When potassium is dropped into aqueous zinc nitrate, zinc and aqueous potassium nitrate form.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 64

Balance the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with atmospheric oxygen gas.
$$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow \mathrm{SO}_{2}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})$$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 65

Write word equations for the following skeleton equations.
a. $\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow \mathrm{CuO}(\mathrm{s})$
b. $\mathrm{K}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1) \rightarrow \mathrm{KOH}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{g})$
c. $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{CaSO}_{4}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{NaCl}(\mathrm{aq})$

Kim Trang Nguyen

Kim Trang Nguyen

Numerade Educator

Problem 66

Balance the following reactions.
a. $\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})$
b. $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1) \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})$

Adriano Chikande

Adriano Chikande

Numerade Educator

Problem 67

Hydrogen iodide gas breaks down into hydrogen gas and iodine gas during a decomposition reaction. Write a skeleton equation for this reaction.

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 68

Write skeleton equations for these reactions.
a. sodium carbonate(s) $\rightarrow$
sodium oxide(s) $+$ carbon dioxide $(\mathrm{g})$
b. aluminum(s) $+$ iodine(s) $\rightarrow$ aluminum iodide(s)
c. iron(II) oxide(s) $+$ oxygen $(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow$ iron (III) oxide(s)

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 69

Write skeleton equations for these reactions.
a. butane $\left(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}\right)(1)+$ oxygen $(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow$
carbon dioxide $(\mathrm{g})+$ water $(1)$
b. aluminum carbonate(s) $\rightarrow$
aluminum oxide(s) $+$ carbon dioxide $(\mathrm{g})$
c. silver nitrate (aq) $+$ sodium sulfide (aq) $\rightarrow$
silver sulfide(s) $+$ sodium nitrate(aq)

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

Problem 70

Write a skeleton equation for the reaction between lithium(s) and chlorine gas to produce lithium chloride(s).

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 71

Write skeleton equations for these reactions.
a. iron(s) $+$ fluorine(g) $\rightarrow$ iron (III) fluoride $(s)$
b. sulfur trioxide(g) $+$ water $(1) \rightarrow$ sulfuric acid(aq)
c. sodium(s) + magnesium iodide(aq) $\rightarrow$
sodium iodide(aq) + magnesium(s)
d. vanadium(s) $+$ oxygen $(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow$ vanadium $(\mathrm{V})$ oxide(s)

Sima Sarker

Numerade Educator

Problem 72

Write skeleton equations for these reactions.
a. lithium $(s)+\operatorname{gold}(\text { III ) chloride }(a q) \rightarrow$
lithium chloride $(a q)+\operatorname{gold}(s)$
b. iron(s) $+\operatorname{tin}(\mathrm{IV})$ nitrate ( aq) $\rightarrow$
iron (III) nitrate $(a q)+\operatorname{tin}(s)$
c. nickel(II) chloride(s) $+$ oxygen $(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow$
nickel(II) oxide(s) + dichlorine pentoxide(g)
d. lithium chromate(aq) $+$ barium chloride $(a q) \rightarrow$
lithium chloride (aq) + barium chromate(s)

Kim Trang Nguyen

Kim Trang Nguyen

Numerade Educator

Problem 73

Balance the skeleton equations for the reactions described in Question 71.

Jennifer Hudspeth

Jennifer Hudspeth

Numerade Educator

Problem 74

Balance the skeleton equations for the reactions described in Question 72.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 75

Write chemical equations for these reactions.
a. When solid naphthalene $\left(\mathrm{C}_{10} \mathrm{H}_{8}\right)$ burns in air, the reaction yields gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid water.
b. Bubbling hydrogen sulfide gas through manganese(II) chloride dissolved in water results in the formation of the precipitate manganese(II) sulfide and hydrochloric acid.
c. Solid magnesium reacts with nitrogen gas to produce solid magnesium nitride.
d. Heating oxygen difluoride gas yields oxygen gas and fluorine gas.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 76

List each of the four types of chemical reactions and give an example for each type.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 77

How would you classify a chemical reaction between two reactants that produces one product?

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 78

Under what conditions does a precipitate form in a chemical reaction?

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 79

Will a metal always replace another metal in a compound dissolved in water? Explain.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 80

In each of the following pairs, which element will replace the other in a reaction?
a. tin and sodium $\quad $ c. lead and silver
b. fluorine and iodine $\quad $ d. copper and nickel

Jennifer Hudspeth

Jennifer Hudspeth

Numerade Educator

Problem 81

Classify each of the reactions represented by the chemical equations in Question 71.

Noah Barguez-Arias

Noah Barguez-Arias

Numerade Educator

Problem 82

Classify each of the reactions represented by the chemical equations in Question 72.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 83

Use Figure 9.22 to answer the following questions.
a. Write a chemical equation for the reaction between the two compounds shown in the figure.
b. Classify this reaction.

Susan Hallstrom

Susan Hallstrom

Numerade Educator

Problem 84

Write a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of liquid methanol $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\right)$.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 85

Write chemical equations for each of the following synthesis reactions.
a. boron + fluorine $\rightarrow$
b. germanium $+$ sulfur $\rightarrow$
c. zirconium $+$ nitrogen $\rightarrow$
d. tetraphosphorus decoxide $+$ water $\rightarrow$ phosphoric acid

Adriano Chikande

Adriano Chikande

Numerade Educator

Problem 86

Combustion Write a chemical equation for the combustion of each of the following substances. If a compound contains carbon and hydrogen, assume that carbon dioxide gas and liquid water are produced.
a. solid barium
b. solid boron
c. liquid acetone $\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}\right)$
d. liquid octane $\left(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}\right)$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 87

Write chemical equations for each of the following decomposition reactions. One or more products might be identified.
a. magnesium bromide $\rightarrow$
b. cobalt (II) oxide $\rightarrow$
c. titanium (IV) hydroxide $\rightarrow$
titanium (IV) oxide + water
d. barium carbonate $\rightarrow$ barium oxide $+$ carbon dioxide

Raghvendra Singh

Raghvendra Singh

Numerade Educator

Problem 88

Write chemical equations for the following single-replacement reactions that might occur in water. If no
reaction occurs, write $NR$ in place of the products.
a. nickel + magnesium chloride $\rightarrow$
b. calcium $+$ copper $(11)$ bromide $\rightarrow$
c. potassium $+$ aluminum nitrate $\rightarrow$
d. magnesium $+$ silver nitrate $\rightarrow$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 89

Complete the following word equation.
Solute $+$ Solvent $\rightarrow$

Sima Sarker

Numerade Educator

Problem 90

Define each of the following terms: solution, solvent, and solute.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 91

When reactions occur in aqueous solutions, what common types of products are produced?

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 92

Compare and contrast chemical equations and ionic equations.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 93

What is a net ionic equation? How does it differ from a complete ionic equation?

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 94

Define spectator ion.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 95

Write the net ionic equation for a chemical reaction that occurs in an aqueous solution and produces water.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 96

Complete the following chemical equations
a. $\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1) \rightarrow$
b. $\mathrm{K}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1) \rightarrow$

Nadir Iqbal

Numerade Educator

Problem 97

Complete the following chemical equation.
$$\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$$

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 98

Write complete ionic and net ionic equations for the chemical reaction in Question 97.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 99

Write complete ionic and net ionic equations for each of the following reactions.
a. $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{S}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{CoCl}_{2}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{KCl}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{CoS}(\mathrm{s})$
b. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow$
$\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}(\mathrm{s})$
c. $2 \mathrm{HClO}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow_{2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1)+\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{ClO})_{2}(\mathrm{aq})}$

Kim Trang Nguyen

Kim Trang Nguyen

Numerade Educator

Problem 100

A reaction occurs when hydrosulfuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}\right)$ is mixed with an aqueous solution of iron(III) bromide. The reaction produces solid iron(III) sulfide and aqueous hydrogen bromide. Write the chemical and net ionic equations for the reaction.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 101

Write complete ionic and net ionic equations for each of the following reactions
a. $\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{RbOH}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1)+\mathrm{Rb}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq})$
b. $\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1)+\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}(\mathrm{aq})$
c. $2 \mathrm{HI}+\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{S}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}(\mathrm{g})+2 \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{I}(\mathrm{aq})$
d. $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{KCN}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{HCN}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{KNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})$

Kim Trang Nguyen

Kim Trang Nguyen

Numerade Educator

Problem 102

Paper A reaction occurs when sulfurous acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\right)$ is mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The reaction produces aqueous sodium sulfite, a chemical used in manufacturing paper. Write the chemical and net ionic equations for the reaction.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 103

Photosynthesis Identify the products in the following reaction that occurs in plants: Carbon dioxide and water react to produce glucose and oxygen

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 104

How will aqueous solutions of sucrose and hydrogen chloride differ?

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 105

Write the word equation for each of these skeleton equations. $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}$ is the formula for benzene.
a. $C_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}(1)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1)$
b. $\mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})$
c. $\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{NaBr}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{Br}_{2}(\mathrm{g})$
d. $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{CaO}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})$

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 106

Classify each of the reactions represented by the chemical equations in Question 105.

Rashmi Sinha

Numerade Educator

Problem 107

Write skeleton equations for the following reactions.
a. ammonium phosphate(aq) $+$ chromium(III)
bromide(aq) $\rightarrow$ ammonium bromide (aq) $+$
chromium (III) phosphate(s)
b. chromium(VI) hydroxide(s) $\rightarrow$ chromium (VI)
oxide(s) $+$ water ( $(1)$
c. aluminum(s) $+$ copper $(1)$ chloride (aq) $\rightarrow$ aluminum
chloride(aq) $+$ copper $(s)$
d. potassium iodide(aq) $+$ mercury (I) nitrate(aq) $\rightarrow$
potassium nitrate(aq) $+$ mercury (I) iodide(s)

Vishal Sharma

Numerade Educator

Problem 108

Balance the skeleton equations for the reactions described in Question 107.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 109

Classify each of the reactions represented by the chemical equations in Question 108.

Kim Trang Nguyen

Kim Trang Nguyen

Numerade Educator

Problem 110

Predict whether each of the following reactions will occur in aqueous solutions. If you predict that a reaction will not occur, explain your reasoning. Note: Barium sulfate and silver bromide precipitate in aqueous solutions.
a. sodium hydroxide + ammonium sulfate $\rightarrow$
b. niobium(V) sulfate $+$ barium nitrate $\rightarrow$
c. strontium bromide $+$ silver nitrate $\rightarrow$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 111

Complete the missing information in the following skeleton equation and balance the chemical equation:
$\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})+$_______________$\longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{NaCl}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(\mathrm{aq}) $

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 112

Precipitate Formation The addition of hydrochloric acid to beakers containing solutions of either sodium chloride (NaCl) or silver nitrate $(KNO _{3} )$ causes a white precipitate in one of the beakers.
a. Which beaker contains a precipitate?
b. What is the precipitate?
c. Write a chemical equation showing the reaction.
d. Classify the reaction.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 113

Write the skeleton equation and the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between iron and chlorine.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 114

Write a chemical equation representing the decomposition of water into two gaseous products. What are
the products?

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 115

Distinguish between an ionic compound and a molecular compound dissolved in water. Do all molecular
compounds ionize when dissolved in water? Explain.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 116

Classify the type of reactions that occur in aqueous solutions, and give an example to support your answer

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 117

Explain how an equation can be balanced even if the number of reactant particles differs from the number of product particles.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 118

Apply Describe the reaction of aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and copper(II) sulfate, producing the precipitate copper(II) sulfide.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 119

Predict A piece of aluminum metal is placed in aqueous $\mathrm{KCl}$ . Another piece of aluminum is placed in an aqueous $\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}$ solution. Explain why a chemical reaction does or does not occur in each instance.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 120

Design an Experiment You suspect the water in a lake close to your school might contain lead in the form of $\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})$ ions. Formulate your suspicion as a hypothesis and design an experiment to test your theory. Write the net ionic equations for the reactions of your experiment. $\left(\text { Hint: In aqueous solution, } P b^{2+} \text { forms com- }\right.$ pounds that are solids with $C l^{-}, B r^{-}, I^{-},$ and $S O_{4}^{2-}$ ions.)

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 121

Predict When sodium metal reacts with water, it produces sodium hydroxide, hydrogen gas, and heat. Write balanced chemical equations for Li, Na, and K reacting with water. Use Figure 9.13 to predict the order of the amount of heat released from least to most amount of heat released.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 122

Apply Write the chemical equations and net ionic equations for each of the following reactions that might occur in aqueous solutions. If a reaction does not occur, write $NR$ in place of the products. Magnesium phosphate precipitates in an aqueous solution.
a. KNO $_{3}+\mathrm{CsCl} \rightarrow$
b. $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}+\mathrm{KCN} \rightarrow$
c. $\mathrm{Li}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}+\mathrm{MgSO}_{4} \rightarrow$
d. $\mathrm{HBrO}+\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 123

Analyze Explain why a nail exposed to air forms rust, whereas the same nail exposed to a pure nitrogen environment does not form rust.

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 124

Evaluate Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of aluminum with oxygen to produce aluminum oxide.

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 125

A single-replacement reaction occurs between copper and silver nitrate. When 63.5 g of copper reacts with 339.8 g of silver nitrate, 215.8 g of silver is produced. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. What other product formed? What is the mass of the second product?

Stephen Ho

Numerade Educator

Problem 126

Complete the following problems in scientific notation. Round off to the correct number of significant figures. (Chapter 2)
a. $\left(5.31 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{cm}\right) \times\left(2.46 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{cm}\right)$
b. $\left(6.42 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{g}\right) \div\left(3.21 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{g}\right)$
c. $\left(9.87 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{g}\right)-\left(6.2 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{g}\right)$

Sohini Lahiri

Numerade Educator

Problem 127

Distinguish between a mixture, a solution, and a compound. (Chapter 3)

Kim Trang Nguyen

Kim Trang Nguyen

Numerade Educator

Problem 128

Data from chromium’s four naturally occurring isotopes is provided in Table 9.5. Calculate chromium’s atomic mass. (Chapter 4)

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 129

Differentiate between electron configuration and electron-dot structure. (Chapter 5)

Kim Trang Nguyen

Kim Trang Nguyen

Numerade Educator

Problem 130

Identify the elements by their electron configuration. (Chapter 5)
a. 1$s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{5}$
b. $[\operatorname{Ne}] 3 s^{2} 3 p^{4}$
c. $[\operatorname{Xe}] 6 s^{2}$

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 131

Write the electron configuration for the element fitting each description. (Chapter 6)
a. a metalloid in group 13
b. a nonmetal in group 15, period 3

Kim Trang Nguyen

Kim Trang Nguyen

Numerade Educator

Problem 132

Describe the formation of positive and negative ions. (Chapter 7)

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 133

Write the formula for the compounds made from each of the following pairs of ions. (Chapter 7)
a. copper(I) and sulfite
b. tin(IV) and fluoride
c. gold(III) and cyanide
d. lead(II) and sulfide

Sam Limsuwannarot

Sam Limsuwannarot

Numerade Educator

Problem 134

Kitchen Chemistry Make a poster describing chemical reactions that occur in the kitchen.

Prashant Bana

Numerade Educator

Problem 135

Mathematical Equations Write a report that compares and contrasts chemical equations and mathematical equations.

Kim Trang Nguyen

Kim Trang Nguyen

Numerade Educator

Problem 136

Balance Equations Create a flowchart describing how to balance a chemical equation

Allison Krajewski

Allison Krajewski

Numerade Educator

Problem 137

Using the solubility rules provided in the table above, complete the following chemical equations. Indicate whether a precipitate forms or not. Identify the precipitate. If no reaction occurs, write $NR$.
$$\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$$

Adriano Chikande

Adriano Chikande

Numerade Educator

Problem 138

Using the solubility rules provided in the table above, complete the following chemical equations. Indicate whether a precipitate forms or not. Identify the precipitate. If no reaction occurs, write $NR$.
$$\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$$

Carolina Acevedo

Carolina Acevedo

Numerade Educator

Problem 139

Using the solubility rules provided in the table above, complete the following chemical equations. Indicate whether a precipitate forms or not. Identify the precipitate. If no reaction occurs, write $NR$.
$$\mathrm{PbS}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{LiNO}_{3}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow$$

Carolina Acevedo

Carolina Acevedo

Numerade Educator