Psychology

Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Chapter 4

Consciousness - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Jane is aware that she is sitting in her psychology class and it is almost lunchtime. She is also aware of how tired she is after staying up late to watch a movie. Thus, if Jane is aware of what is going on around her and what is going on within her, then it is safe to say that she is in a(n).
a. state of waking consciousness.
b. altered state of consciousness.
c. unconscious state.
d. preconscious state.

Melissa Geisel

Melissa Geisel

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Problem 2

What part of the brain is influential in determining when to sleep?
a. hippocampus
b. hypothalamus
c. thalamus
d. frontal lobe

Melissa Geisel

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Problem 3

As the sun begins to set, Winston finds himself becoming more and more sleepy. What structure is sensitive to light and influences when to go to sleep and when to awaken?
a. corpus callosum
b. occipital lobe
c. thalamus
d. suprachiasmatic nucleus

Melissa Geisel

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Problem 4

Carlos is pulling an all-nighter in preparation for his big psychology test tomorrow. According to the research, what is the result on Carlos's memory when he deprives himself of sleep the night prior to his exam?
a. Carlos will retain information from staying up all night, but only if his test is early in the morning.
b. The ability to retain information can be influenced by the presence of sunlight. Thus, if the sun is shining, Carlos will remember more than if it is a cloudy day.
c. Carlos will actually remember less if he deprives himself of sleep the night before.
d. Carlos's memory will not be affected in any way assuming he only stays awake for one all-night study session.

Prashant Bana

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Problem 5

Your uncle Karl, who recently retired, has mentioned how he doesn't sleep as well as he did when he was younger. For many years, he regularly slept about 7 to 8 hours, but now that he is in his 60 s he tends to get only 5 to 6 hours of sleep per night. What would you tell him?
a. Getting less sleep seems to be a common consequence of aging.
b. Getting less sleep as we age is not normal, since studies show we need more sleep as we age.
c. Getting less sleep is dangerous as we age. People should seek medical intervention to help them sleep.
d. Getting less sleep is associated with mental health problems in our later years. Uncle Karl should consider seeing a psychologist.

Melissa Geisel

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Problem 6

You find yourself driving very late at night. As you are driving, you realize that you actually were falling off to sleep for a couple of seconds. Such a phenomenon is known as.
a. microsleep.
b. daydreaming.
c. circadian rhythms.
d. hypnic jerk.

Melissa Geisel

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Problem 7

Studies have found that certain chemicals that help repair damaged cells only function while we sleep. What theory best explains this?
a. circadian rhythm of sleep
b. adaptive theory of sleep
c. restorative theory of sleep
d. sleep deprivation theory

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Problem 8

In which stage of sleep do sleep spindles occur?
A .N1
B. N2
C. N3
D. R

Asma Venkitta

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Problem 9

Josef has had a very demanding day. Though his work is not physically challenging, it tends to mentally drain him. Which type of sleep will Josef probably require more of?
a. $N 1$
b. $\mathrm{N} 2$
c. $\mathrm{N} 3$
d. $R$

Prashant Bana

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Your doctor has told you that your youngest son suffers from somnambulism. What is another name for somnambulism?
a. insomnia
b. sleepwalking
c. sleep apnea
d. narcolepsy

Melissa Geisel

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Problem 11

Gerald has difficulty falling off to sleep. Harley can fall off to sleep easily but often wakes up early. Dale typically sleeps for 10 hours. All three are tired and not rested upon rising. Who seems to be experiencing insomnia?
a. Gerald
b. Harley
c. Dale
d. All three suffer from insomnia.

Prashant Bana

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Problem 12

Very young infants who suffer from sleep apnea may be more at risk for SIDS, or sudden infant death syndrome. Why might these infants have difficulty breathing?
a. Many of these infants are obese and therefore their airways are obstructed.
b. The brain stem is not yet fully mature.
c. The tissue lining in the nasal passageway may be obstructing their airflow.
d. No medical explanation has been determined.

Melissa Geisel

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Problem 13

Bill suddenly and without warning slips into REM sleep during the day. He often falls to the ground and is difficult to awaken. Bill may have a condition called
a. sleep apnea.
b. insomnia.
c. narcolepsy.
d. epilepsy.

Melissa Geisel

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Calvin had a dream about his dog Snoopy in which he constantly looked for him but couldn't find him. In reality, Calvin's dog had died after being hit by a car. According to Siqmund Freud, his dream in which he was searching for his dog is an example of ______ ,while the inner meaning that he misses his dog terribly is an example of ________.
a. wish fulfillment; manifest content
b. latent content; wish fulfillment
c. latent content; manifest content
d. manifest content; latent content

Prashant Bana

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Problem 15

When Tawny is asked to write down her dreams as a class assignment, she is bothered by the fact that her dreams often seem to jump randomly from scene to scene with little meaning. What theory best explains her dreams?
a. activation-synthesis
b. dreams-for-survival
c. sociocultural theory
d. Freudian

Crystal Wang

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Problem 16

Anthony's therapist is using hypnosis to help him recall the night he was supposedly abducted by aliens. Danny's therapist is using hypnosis to help him prepare for the pain of dental surgery because Danny is allergic to the dentist's painkillers. Patrick's therapist is using hypnosis to help him quit drinking and smoking. Which client has the highest chance for success?
a. Anthony
b. Danny
c. Patrick
d. All three can benefit from hypnosis because each technique is proven effective.

Prashant Bana

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Bobby agreed to be hypnotized during a comedy routine. While hypnotized, he stood on his chair and crowed like a rooster. Later, when his friends asked why he did this, Bobby replied that he didn't know, it must have been because he was hypnotized. What theory best explains his behavior?
a. the hidden observer theory of hypnosis
b. the social-cognitive explanation of hypnosis
c. the biological theory of hypnosis
d. the behavioral theory of hypnosis

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Problem 18

Jackie has found that when she tries to quit drinking, she gets headaches, has night sweats, and shakes uncontrollably. Such a reaction is an example of
a. psychological dependence.
b. overdose.
c. withdrawal.
d. learned behavior.

Melissa Geisel

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Problem 19

What is the most commonly used and abused depressant?\
a. alcohol
b. Prozac
c. tranquilizers
d. caffeine

Melissa Geisel

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Which drug, depending on the dosage, can be a hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant, or painkiller?
a. marjuana
b. opium
c. PCP
d. caffeine

Caroline Jones

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