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Essentials of Biology

Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht

Chapter 14

Darwin and Evolution - all with Video Answers

Educators

TT

Chapter Questions

03:43

Problem 1

The idea that acquired characteristics can be inherited from one generation to the next was proposed by:
a. Darwin
b. Lamarck
c. Wallace
d. Sedgwick
e. Cuvier

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
02:20

Problem 2

Which of the following is not an example of natural selection?
a. Insect populations exposed to pesticides become resistant to the chemicals.
b. Plant species that produce fragrances to attract pollinators produce more offspring.
c. Rabbits that sprint quickly are more likely to escape predation.
d. On a tree, leaves that grow in the shade are larger than those that grow in the sun.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
01:12

Problem 3

Natural selection is the only process that results in
a. genetic variation.
b. adaptation to the environment.
c. phenotypic change.
d. competition among individuals in a population.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
02:30

Problem 4

Why was it helpful to Darwin to learn that Lyell had concluded the Earth is very old?
a. An old Earth would have more fossils than a new Earth.
b. It meant there was enough time for evolution to have occurred slowly.
c. There was enough time for the same species to spread out into all continents.
d. Darwin said artificial selection occurs slowly.
e. All of these are correct.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
01:25

Problem 5

New alleles for a trait arise by
a. mutation.
b. the needs of the species.
c. sexual reproduction.
d. mitosis.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
01:35

Problem 6

Differences in DNA nucleotides between organisms
a. indicate how closely related organisms are.
b. indicate that evolution occurs.
c. explain why there are phenotypic differences.
d. are to be expected.
e. All of these are correct.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
01:33

Problem 7

The fossil record offers direct evidence for common descent because we can
a. see that the types of fossils change over time.
b. sometimes find common ancestors.
c. trace the ancestry of a particular group.
d. trace the biological history of living organisms.
e. All of these are correct.

TT
Troy Thompson
Numerade Educator
01:53

Problem 8

For there to be homologous structures,
a. a common ancestor had to have existed.
b. analogous structures also have to exist.
c. the bones have to be used similarly.
d. All of these are correct.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
00:51

Problem 9

Match the description with the type of evidence for evolution it supports, as listed in the key. Answers can be used more than once.
a. biogeographical
b. anatomical
c. biochemical
The genetic code is the same for all organisms.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
00:56

Problem 10

Match the description with the type of evidence for evolution it supports, as listed in the key. Answers can be used more than once.
a. biogeographical
b. anatomical
c. biochemical
The human knee bone and spine were derived from ancestral structures that supported four-legged animals.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
00:52

Problem 11

Match the description with the type of evidence for evolution it supports, as listed in the key. Answers can be used more than once.
a. biogeographical
b. anatomical
c. biochemical
The South American continent lacks rabbits, even though the environment is quite suitable.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
00:58

Problem 12

Match the description with the type of evidence for evolution it supports, as listed in the key. Answers can be used more than once.
a. biogeographical
b. anatomical
c. biochemical
The amino acid sequence of hemoglobin in humans is more similar to that of rhesus monkeys than to that of mice.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
02:43

Problem 13

Fossils that serve as transitional links allow scientists to
a. determine how prehistoric animals interacted with each other.
b. deduce the order in which various groups of animals arose.
c. relate climate change to evolutionary trends.
d. determine why evolutionary changes occur.

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
01:48

Problem 14

Among vertebrates, the flipper of a dolphin and the fin of a tuna are
a. homologous structures.
b. homogeneous structures.
c. analogous structures.
d. reciprocal structures.

Alexander Cheng
Alexander Cheng
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