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Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation

David M. Kroenke, David J. Auer, Scott L. Vandenberg

Chapter 12

Data Warehouses and Business Intelligence Systems - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

Problem 1

What are BI systems?

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Problem 2

How do BI systems differ from transaction processing systems?

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Problem 3

Name and describe the two main categories of BI systems.

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Problem 4

What are the three sources of data for BI systems?

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Problem 5

Explain the difference in processing between reporting and data mining applications.

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Problem 6

Describe three reasons why direct reading of operational data is not feasible for BI applications.

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Problem 7

Summarize the problems with operational databases that limit their usefulness for BI applications.

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Problem 8

What are dirty data? How do dirty data arise?

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Problem 9

What is an ETL system, and what functions does it perform?

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01:19

Problem 10

What does it mean to transform data? Give an example other than the ones used in this book.

Kristen Frankie
Kristen Frankie
Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Why is server time not useful for Web-based order entry BI applications?

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Problem 12

What is click-stream data? How is it used in BI applications?

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Problem 13

Why are data warehouses necessary?

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02:17

Problem 14

Why do the authors describe the data in Figure 12.5 as "frightening"?

Ann Douglas
Ann Douglas
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Problem 15

Give examples of data warehouse metadata.

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Problem 16

Explain the difference between a data warehouse and a data mart. Use the analogy of a supply chain.

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Problem 17

What is the enterprise data warehouse (EDW) architecture?

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Problem 18

Describe the differences between operational databases and dimensional databases.

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Problem 19

What is a star schema?

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Problem 20

What is a fact table? What type of data is stored in fact tables?

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05:16

Problem 21

What is a measure?

Dr.  Satish  Ingale
Dr. Satish Ingale
Numerade Educator

Problem 22

What is a dimension table? What type of data is stored in dimension tables?

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Problem 23

What is a slowly changing dimension?

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Problem 24

Why is the time dimension important in a dimensional model?

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02:46

Problem 25

What is a conformed dimension?

Arjun Tibrewal
Arjun Tibrewal
Numerade Educator

Problem 26

State the purpose of a reporting system.

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Problem 27

What do the letters RFM stand for in RFM analysis?

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Problem 28

Describe in general terms how to perform an RFM analysis.

Lauren Long
Lauren Long
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01:36

Problem 29

Explain the characteristics of customers with the following RFM scores; $\{115\},\{151\}$, $\{555\},\{255\},\{512\},\{113\}$.

Lucas Finney
Lucas Finney
Numerade Educator

Problem 30

In the RFM analysis in Figures $12-20$ through 12-23, what role does the CUSTOMER_ RFM table serve? What role does the CUSTOMER_R table serve?

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Problem 31

Explain the purpose of the following SQL statement from Figure 12-22:
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER_R (CustomerID, MostRecentOrderDate)
(SELECT CustomerID, MAX (TransactionDate)
FROM CUSTOMER_SALES
GROUP BY CustomerID);

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Problem 32

Explain the purpose and operation of the following SQL statement from Figure 12-22:
UPDATE CUSTOMER_R
SET R_Score = 1
WHERE CustomerID IN
(SELECT TOP 20 PERCENT CustomerID
FROM CUSTOMER_R
ORDER BY MostRecentOrderDate DESC);

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Problem 33

Explain the purpose and operation of the following SQL statement from Figure 12-22:
UPDATE CUSTOMER_R
SET R_Score = 2
WHERE CustomerID IN
(SELECT TOP 25 PERCENT CustomerID
FROM CUSTOMER_R
WHERE R_Score IS NULL
ORDER BY MostRecentOrderDate DESC);

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Problem 34

Write an SQL statement to query the CUSTOMER_RFM table and display the CustomerID values for all customers having an RFM score of $\left\{\begin{array}{llll}5 & 1 & 1\end{array}\right\}$ or $\left\{\begin{array}{lll}4 & 1 & 1\end{array}\right\}$. Why are these customers important?

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Problem 35

What does OLAP stand for?

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Problem 36

What is the distinguishing characteristic of OLAP reports?

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05:48

Problem 37

Define measure, dimension, and cube.

Samantha Baker
Samantha Baker
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Problem 38

Give an example, other than one in this text, of a measure, two dimensions related to your measure, and a cube.

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Problem 39

What is drill down?

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Problem 40

Explain how the OLAP report in Figure 12-26 differs from that in Figure 12-25.

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Problem 41

What is the purpose of an OLAP server?

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Problem 42

Name and describe the purpose of the major components of a reporting system.

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Problem 43

What are the major functions of a reporting system?

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Problem 44

Summarize the types of reports described in this chapter.

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Problem 45

Describe the various media used to deliver reports.

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Problem 46

Summarize the modes of reports described in this chapter.

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Problem 47

Describe the major tasks in report management. Explain the role of report metadata in report management.

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Problem 48

Name three tasks of report authoring,

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Problem 49

Describe the major tasks in report delivery.

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Problem 50

Define data mining.

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Problem 51

Explain the difference between unsupervised and supervised data mining.

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Problem 52

Name five popular data mining techniques.

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Problem 53

What is the purpose of market basket analysis?

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01:19

Problem 54

Define the terms support and confidence as they relate to market basket analysis.

Luke Mullikin
Luke Mullikin
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Problem 55

Define the term lift as it relates to market basket analysis.

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00:31

Problem 56

What does it mean to say, in market basket analysis, that the support of buying items $A$ and $B$ together is $20 \%$ ?

Cory Kuzinski
Cory Kuzinski
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01:04

Problem 57

What does it mean to say, in market basket analysis, that the confidence of someone buying item B if they are already buying item A is 20\%?

Tyler Moulton
Tyler Moulton
Numerade Educator

Problem 58

What does it mean to say, in market basket analysis, that the lift of someone buying item B if they are already buying item A is 1.5 ?

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Problem 59

What is the purpose of a decision tree?

James Kiss
James Kiss
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03:01

Problem 60

At what part of a decision tree do we begin to ask questions when trying to categorize new data?

Jennifer Stoner
Jennifer Stoner
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03:01

Problem 61

In constructing decision trees, what is the purpose of the training phase?

Jennifer Stoner
Jennifer Stoner
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03:01

Problem 62

In constructing decision trees, what is the purpose of the testing phase?

Jennifer Stoner
Jennifer Stoner
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Problem 63

When a decision tree is used to categorize a new data point, how many more questions remain to be asked about the data point when you reach a leaf of the tree?

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Problem 64

If two decision trees do an equally good job categorizing new data points but one of them is taller than the other, which one is better, and why?

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Problem 65

Based on the discussion of the Heather Sweeney Designs operational database (HSD) and dimensional database (HSD_DW) in the text, answer the following questions.
A. Using the SQL statements shown in Figure 12-12, create the HSD_DW database in a DBMS.
B. What possible transformations of data were made before HSD_DW was loaded with data? List some possible transformations, showing the original format of the HSD data and how they appear in the HSD_DW database.
C. Write the complete set of SQL statements necessary to load the transformed data into the HSD_DW database.
D. Populate the HSD_DW database using the SQL statements you wrote to answer part C.
E. Figure 12-43 shows the SQL code to create the SALES_FOR_RFM fact table shown in Figure 12-17. Using that statement, add the SALES_FOR_RFM table to your HSD_DW database.
F. What possible transformations of data are necessary to load the SALES_FOR RFM table? List some possible transformations, showing the original format of the HSD data and how they appear in the HSD_DW database.
G. Write an SQL query similar to SQL-Query-CH12-02 that uses the total dollar amount of each day's product sales as the measure (instead of the number of products sold each day).
H. Write the SQL view equivalent of the SQL query you wrote to answer part G.
I. Create the SQL view you wrote to answer part H in your HSD_DW database.
J. Create a Microsoft Excel 2019 workbook named HSD-DW-BI-Exercises.xlsx.
K. Using either the results of your SQL query from part G (copy the results of the query into a worksheet in the HSD-DW-BI-Exercises.xlsx workbook and then format this range as a worksheet table) or your SQL view from part I (create an Excel data connection to the view), create an OLAP report similar to the OLAP report shown in Figure 12-25. (Hint: If you need help with the necessary Microsoft Excel actions, search in the Microsoft Excel help system for more information.)
L. Heather Sweeney is interested in the effects of payment type on sales in dollars.
1. In the HSD_DW dimensional database, create a PAYMENT_TYPE dimension table.
2. Modify the HSD_DW database to add a PaymentTypeID column to the fact table.
3. What data will be used to load the PAYMENT_TYPE dimension table? What data will be used to load foreign key data into the PRODUCT_SALES fact table? Write the complete set of SQL statements necessary to load these data.
4. Populate the PAYMENT_TYPE and PRODUCT_SALES tables using the SQL statements you wrote to answer part 3 .
5. Create the SQL queries or SQL views needed to incorporate the PaymentType attribute into a query or view that can make use of PaymentType in an OLAP report.
6. Create a Microsoft Excel 2019 OLAP report to show the effect of payment type on product sales in dollars.
FIGURE 12 43 can't copy
The HSD_DW SALES_FOR_RFM SQL CREATE TABLE Statement

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03:18

Problem 66

Use the data in Figure 12-37 to answer questions 12.66 through 12.72.
What is the probability that someone will buy a tank?

Jon Southam
Jon Southam
Numerade Educator
00:44

Problem 67

Use the data in Figure 12-37 to answer questions 12.66 through 12.72.
What is the support for buying a tank and fins? What is the support for buying two tanks?

James Kiss
James Kiss
Numerade Educator
06:01

Problem 68

Use the data in Figure 12-37 to answer questions 12.66 through 12.72.
What is the confidence for fins, given that a tank has been purchased?

Jeremiah Mbaria
Jeremiah Mbaria
Numerade Educator
06:01

Problem 69

Use the data in Figure 12-37 to answer questions 12.66 through 12.72.
What is the confidence for a second tank, given that a tank has been purchased?

Jeremiah Mbaria
Jeremiah Mbaria
Numerade Educator
04:18

Problem 70

Use the data in Figure 12-37 to answer questions 12.66 through 12.72.
What is the lift for fins, given that a tank has been purchased?

Surjit Tewari
Surjit Tewari
Numerade Educator
01:13

Problem 71

Use the data in Figure 12-37 to answer questions 12.66 through 12.72.
What is the lift for a second tank, given that a tank has been purchased?

James Macpherson
James Macpherson
Numerade Educator
01:56

Problem 72

Use the data in Figure 12-37 to answer questions 12.66 through 12.72.
How many transactions are there (among the 1,000 ) that involve none of the five products mentioned in the table (mask, fins, tanks, dive computer, and weights)?

Sandile Ndlovu
Sandile Ndlovu
Numerade Educator

Problem 73

Using the code in Figure 12.22 as an example, write the procedures Calculate_F and Calculate_M that are called from the Calculate_RFM stored procedure in Figure 12-21.

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Problem 74

Use the decision tree in Figure 12-41 to answer questions 12.74 through 12.76.
Would the new data point (record) (cloudy, -3, 16) be classified as "skate" or "no skate"? Which nodes (questions) in the tree would be asked of this new record?

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Problem 75

Use the decision tree in Figure 12-41 to answer questions 12.74 through 12.76.
Would the new data point (record) (sunny, 5,22 ) be classified as "skate" or "no skate"? Which nodes (questions) in the tree would be asked of this new record?

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Problem 76

Use the decision tree in Figure 12-41 to answer questions 12.74 through 12.76.
Draw a different decision tree, based on the same data, by basing the second question on a different attribute. Does your tree ask more or fewer questions, on average, to categorize a new point when compared to the tree presented in the text? Does your tree have higher or lower accuracies for its decisions?

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Problem 77

Consider the decision tree in Figure 12-39. One of its disadvantages was discussed in the text. This tree has another disadvantage when compared to the decision tree in Figure $12 \cdot 38$. What is it?

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