• Home
  • Textbooks
  • Managerial Accounting - Decision Making and Motivating Performance
  • Decision Making and Relevant Information

Managerial Accounting - Decision Making and Motivating Performance

Srikant M. Datar, Madhav V. Rajan

Chapter 9

Decision Making and Relevant Information - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

02:19

Problem 1

Outline the five-step sequence in a decision process.

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator
00:37

Problem 2

"All future costs are relevant." Do you agree? Why?

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator
01:00

Problem 3

"Variable costs are always relevant, and fixed costs are always irrelevant." Do you agree? Why?

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator
01:51

Problem 4

"A component part should be purchased whenever the purchase price is less than its total manufacturing cost per unit." Do you agree? Why?

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator
02:03

Problem 5

"Management should always maximize sales of the product with the highest contribution margin per unit." Do you agree? Why?

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Describe the four key steps in managing bottleneck operations.

Check back soon!
02:32

Problem 7

"A branch office or business segment that shows negative operating income should be shut down." Do you agree? Explain briefly.

Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Numerade Educator
04:00

Problem 8

"Cost written off as depreciation on equipment already purchased is always irrelevant." Do you agree? Why?

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator
01:39

Problem 9

"Managers will always choose the alternative that maximizes operating income or minimizes costs in the decision model." Do you agree? Why?

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator
01:45

Problem 10

Managers should consider only additional revenues and separable costs when making decisions about selling at splitoff or processing further." Do you agree? Explain.

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator
02:46

Problem 11

Multiple choice. (CPA) Choose the best answer.
1. The Fluffy Company manufactures slippers and sells them at $$\$ 13$$ a pair. Variable manufacturing cost is $$\$ 4.75$$ a pair, and allocated fixed manufacturing cost is $$\$ 3.00$$ a pair. Fluffy has enough idle capacity available to accept a one-time-only special order of 25,000 pairs of slippers at $$\$ 7.75$$ a pair. Fluffy will not incur any marketing costs as a result of the special order. What would the effect on operating income be if Fluffy could accept the special order without affecting normal sales: (a) $$\$ 0$$, (b) $$\$ 75,000$$ increase, (c) $$\$ 118,750$$ increase, or (d) $$\$ 193,750$$ increase? Show your calculations.
2. The Chicago Company manufactures Part No. 498 for use in its production line. The manufacturing cost per unit for 35,000 units of Part No. 498 is:$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\text { Direct materials } & \$ 8 \\
\text { Direct manufacturing labor } & 35 \\
\text { Variable manufacturing overhead } & 15 \\
\text { Fixed manufacturing overhead allocated } & \underline{20} \\
\text { Total manufacturing cost per unit } & \underline{\$ 78} \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$
The Bench Company has offered to sell 35,000 units of Part No. 498 to Chicago for $$\$ 74$$ per unit. Chicago will make the decision to buy the part from Bench if there is an overall savings of at least $$\$ 30,000$$ for Chicago. If Chicago accepts Bench's offer, $$\$ 5$$ per unit of the fixed overhead allocated would be eliminated. Furthermore, Chicago has determined that it could use the released facilities to save relevant costs in the manufacture of Part â„–. 575. For Chicago to achieve an overall savings of $$\$ 30,000$$, the amount of relevant costs that would have to be saved by using the released facilities in the manufacture of Part â„–. 575 would be which of the following: (a) $$\$ 140,000$$, (b) $$\$ 415,000$$, (c) $$\$ 65,000$$, or (d) $$\$ 525,000$$ ? Show your calculations. What other factors might Chicago consider before outsourcing to Bench?

Jacquelyn Trost
Jacquelyn Trost
Numerade Educator
09:48

Problem 12

Special order, activity-based costing. (CMA, adapted) The Medal Plus Company manufactures medals for winners of athletic events and other contests. Its manufacturing plant has the capacity to produce 12,000 medals each month. Current production and sales are 10,000 medals per month. The company normally charges $$\$ 300$$ per medal. Cost information for the current activity level is as follows:
$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\text { Variable costs that vary with number of units produced } & \\
\text { Direct materials } & \$ 600,000 \\
\text { Direct manufacturing labor } & 450,000 \\
\text { Variable costs (for setups, materials handling, quality control, etc.) that } & \\
\text { vary with number of batches, } 200 \text { batches } \times \$ 1,500 \text { per batch } & 300,000 \\
\text { Fixed manufacturing costs } & 250,000 \\
\text { Fixed marketing costs } & \underline{50,000} \\
\text { Total costs } & \underline{\$ 1,650,000} \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$
Medal Plus has just received a one-time-only special order for 2,000 medals at $$\$ 250$$ per medal. Accepting the special order would not affect the company's regular business. Medal Plus makes medals for its existing customers in batch sizes of 50 medals ( 200 batches $\times 50$ medals per batch $=10,000$ medals). The special order requires Medal Plus to make the medals in 40 batches of 50 each.
1. Should Medal Plus accept this special order? Show your calculations.
2. Suppose plant capacity were only 11,000 medals instead of 12,000 medals each month. Medal Plus must accept or reject the special order in full. Should Medal Plus accept the special order? Show your calculations.
3. As in requirement 1 , assume that monthly capacity is 12,000 medals. Medal Plus is concerned that if it accepts the special order, its existing customers will immediately demand a price discount of $$\$ 20$$ in the month in which the special order is being filled. Existing customers would argue that Medal Plus' capacity costs are now being spread over more units and that they should get the benefit of these lower costs. Should Medal Plus accept the special order under these conditions? Show your calculations.

Rashmi Sinha
Rashmi Sinha
Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Make versus buy, activity-based costing. The Summer Corporation manufactures cellular modems. It manufactures its own cellular modem circuit boards (CMCB), an important part of the cellular modem. The company reports the following cost information about the costs of making CMCBs in 2012 and the expected costs in 2013:(TABLE CAN'T COPY)
Summer manufactured 16,200 CMCBs in 2012 in 80 batches of 190 each. In 2013, Summer anticipates needing 17,000 CMCBs. The CMCBS would be produced in 100 batches of 170 each.

The Manson Corporation has approached Summer about supplying CMCBs to Summer in 2013 at $$\$ 280$$ per CMCB on whatever delivery schedule Summer wants.

Check back soon!
00:00

Problem 14

Inventory decision, opportunity costs. Lawnwolf, a manufacturer of lawn mowers, predicts that it will purchase 240,000 spark plugs next year. Lawnwolf estimates that 20,000 spark plugs will be required each month. A supplier quotes a price of $$\$11$$ per spark plug. The supplier also offers a special discount option: If Lawnwolf purchases all 240,000 spark plugs at the start of the year, the supplier gives a discount of $4 \%$ off the $$\$ 11$$ price. Lawnwolf can invest its cash at $10 \%$ per year. Lawnwolf spends $$\$ 220$$ to place each purchase order.

Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Relevant costs, contribution margin, product emphasis. The Shell Hunter is a take-out food store at a popular beach resort. Susan Sexton, owner of the Shell Hunter, is deciding how much refrigerator space to devote to four different drinks. Pertinent data on these four drinks are:$$
\begin{array}{l|c|c|c|c}
\hline & \text { Cola } & \text { Lemonade } & \text { Punch } & \text { Natural Orange Juice } \\
\hline \text { Selling price per case } & \$ 19.10 & \$ 19.75 & \$ 26.90 & \$ 38.80 \\
\text { Variable cost per case } & \$ 14.20 & \$ 15.60 & \$ 20.90 & \$ 30.25 \\
\text { Cases sold per foot of shelf space per day } & 5 & 10 & 25 & 12 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$Sexton has a maximum front shelf space of 12 feet to devote to the four drinks. She wants a minimum of 1 foot and a maximum of 6 feet of front shelf space for each drink.

Check back soon!

Problem 16

Selection of most profitable product. Java Giant, Inc., produces two basic types of espresso makers, Model A and Model B. Pertinent data are:(TABLE CAN'T COPY)
The specialty coffee craze suggests that Java Giant can sell enough of either Model A or Model B to keep the plant operating at full capacity. Both products are processed through the same production departments.
Which products should the company produce? Briefly explain your answer.

Check back soon!

Problem 17

Theory of constraints, throughput margin, and relevant costs. Montana Industries manufactures electronic testing equipment. The company also installs the equipment at customers' sites and ensures that it functions smoothly. Additional information on the manufacturing and installation departments is as follows (capacities are expressed in terms of the number of units of electronic testing equipment):$$
\begin{array}{l|c|c}
\hline & \text { Equipment Manufactured } & \text { Equipment Installed } \\
\hline \text { Annual capacity } & 500 \text { units per year } & 450 \text { units per year } \\
\text { Equipment manufactured and installed } & 450 \text { units per year } & 450 \text { units per year } \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$Montana manufactures only 450 units per year because that is the maximum capacity of the installation department. The equipment sells for $$\$ 30,000$$ per unit (installed) and has direct material costs of $$\$ 10,000$$. All costs other than direct material costs are fixed. The following requirements refer only to the preceding data. There is no connection between the requirements.

Check back soon!

Problem 18

Closing and opening stores. GST Corporation runs two convenience stores, one in Minneapolis and one in St. Paul. Operating income for each store in 2013 is:(TABLE CAN'T COPY)The equipment has a zero disposal value. In a senior management meeting, Sven Larsen, management accountant at GST Corporation, comments: "GST can increase its profitability by closing down the St. Paul store or by adding another store like it."

Check back soon!

Problem 19

Choosing customers. Speedy Printers operates a printing press with a monthly capacity of 1,000 machine-hours. Speedy has two main customers: Ace Corporation and Jacks Corporation. Data on each customer for January are:$$
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { Ace Corporation } & \text { Jacks Corporation } & \text { Total } \\
\hline \text { Revenues } & \$ 60,000 & \$ 40,000 & \$ 100,000 \\
\hline \text { Variable costs } & 21,000 & 24,000 & 45,000 \\
\hline \text { Contribution margin } & 39,000 & 16,000 & 55,000 \\
\hline \text { Fixed costs (allocated) } & 30,000 & 20,000 & 50,000 \\
\hline \text { Operating income } & \$ 9,000 & \$(4,000) & \$ \quad 5,000 \\
\hline \text { Machine-hours required } & 750 \text { hours } & 250 \text { hours } & 1,000 \text { hours } \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$Jacks Corporation indicates that it wants Speedy to do an additional $$\$ 40,000$$ worth of printing jobs during February. These jobs are identical to the existing business Speedy did for Jacks in January in terms of variable costs and machine-hours required. Speedy anticipates that the business from Ace Corporation in February will be the same as that in January. Speedy can choose to accept as much of the Ace and Jacks business for February as its capacity allows. Assume that total machine-hours and fixed costs for February will be the same as in January.

Check back soon!

Problem 20

Relevance of equipment costs. Shiny Car Wash has just today paid for and installed a special machine for polishing cars at one of its several outlets. It is the first day of the company's fiscal year. The machine costs $$\$ 40,000$$, and its annual cash operating costs total $$\$ 30,000$$. The machine will have a 4-year useful life and a zero terminal disposal value.

After the Shiny Car Wash uses the machine for only one day, a salesperson offers a different machine that promises to do the same job at annual cash operating costs of $$\$ 18,000$$. The new machine will cost $$\$ 48,000$$ cash, installed. The "old" machine is unique and can be sold outright for only $$\$ 20,000$$, minus $$\$ 4,000$$ removal cost. The new machine, like the old one, will have a 4 -year useful life and zero terminal disposal value.

Revenues, all in cash, will be $$\$ 300,000$$ annually, and other cash costs will be $$\$ 220,000$$ annually, regardless of this decision.
For simplicity, ignore income taxes and the time value of money.

Check back soon!

Problem 21

Equipment upgrade versus replacement. (A. Spero, adapted) The Furnitech Company produces and sells 7,500 modular computer desks per year at a selling price of $$\$ 375$$ each. Its current production equipment, purchased for $$\$ 900,000$$ and with a 5 -year useful life, is only 2 years old. The equipment has a terminal disposal value of $$\$ 0$$ and is depreciated on a straight-line basis. The equipment has a current disposal price of $$\$ 225,000$$. However, the emergence of a new molding technology has led Furnitech to consider either upgrading or replacing the production equipment. The following table presents data for the two alternatives:(TABLE CAN'T COPY)
All equipment costs will continue to be depreciated on a straight-line basis. For simplicity, ignore income taxes and the time value of money.

Check back soon!

Problem 22

Joint-costs, further-process decision. The Sinclair Spirits Division of the Pilgrim Company produces two products - turpentine and methanol (wood alcohol) —by a joint process. Joint costs amount to $$\$ 116,000$$ per batch of output. Each batch totals 13,000 gallons: $25 \%$ methanol and $75 \%$ turpentine. Both products could be processed further without gain or loss in volume. Separable processing costs are $$\$ 2$$ per gallon for methanol and $$\$1$$ per gallon for turpentine. Methanol sells for $$\$ 20$$ per gallon. Turpentine sells for $$\$ 15$$ per gallon.

Check back soon!

Problem 23

Special Order. Homerun Corporation produces baseball bats for kids that it sells for $$\$ 37$$ each. At capacity, the company can produce 50,000 bats a year. The costs of producing and selling 50,000 bats are:
$$
\begin{array}{l|r|r}
\hline & \text { Cost per Bat } & \text { Total Costs } \\
\hline \text { Direct materials } & \$ 16 & \$ 800,000 \\
\text { Direct manufacturing labor } & 4 & 200,000 \\
\text { Variable manufacturing overhead } & 1 & 50,000 \\
\text { Fixed manufacturing overhead } & 3 & 150,000 \\
\text { Variable selling expenses } & 4 & 200,000 \\
\text { Fixed selling expenses } & \underline{2} & \underline{100,000} \\
\text { Total costs } & \underline{\$ 30} & \underline{\$ 1,500,000} \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Check back soon!
00:00

Problem 24

Short-run pricing, capacity constraints. Ohio Acres Dairy, maker of specialty cheeses, produces a soft cheese from the milk of Holstein cows raised on a special corn-based diet. One kilogram of soft cheese, which has a contribution margin of $$\$ 8$$, requires 4 liters of milk. A well-known gourmet restaurant has asked Ohio Acres to produce 2,000 kilograms of a hard cheese from the same milk of Holstein cows. Knowing that the dairy has sufficient unused capacity, Elise Princiotti, owner of Ohio Acres, calculates the costs of making one kilogram of the desired hard cheese:$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\text { Milk (10 liters } \times \mathbf{\$ 1 . 5 0} \text { per liter) } & \$ 15 \\
\text { Variable direct manufacturing labor } & 4 \\
\text { Variable manufacturing overhead } & 2 \\
\text { Fixed manufacturing cost allocated } & \underline{5} \\
\text { Total manufacturing cost } & \underline{\$ 26}
\end{array}
$$

Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Numerade Educator

Problem 25

International outsourcing. Cuddly Critters, Inc., manufactures plush toys in a facility in Cleveland, Ohio. Recently, the company designed a group of collectible resin figurines to go with the plush toy line. Management is trying to decide whether to manufacture the figurines themselves in existing space in the Cleveland facility or to accept an offer from a manufacturing company in Indonesia. Data concerning the decision are:(TABLE CAN'T COPY)

Check back soon!

Problem 26

Relevant costs, opportunity costs. Larry Miller, general manager of McCormick Software, must decide when to release the new version of McCormick's spreadsheet package, Easyspread 2.0. Development of Easyspread 2.0 is complete; however, the company has not yet produced the compact discs and user manuals. The software can be shipped starting July 1, 2013.

The major problem is that McCormick has overstocked the previous version of its spreadsheet package, Easyspread 1.0. Miller knows that once Easyspread 2.0 is introduced, McCormick will not be able to sell any more units of Easyspread 1.0. Rather than just throwing away the inventory of Easyspread 1.0, Miller is wondering if it might be better to continue to sell Easyspread 1.0 for the next 3 months and introduce Easyspread $2.0 \mathrm{on}$ October 1,2013 , when the inventory of Easyspread 1.0 will be sold out.
The following information is available:(TABLE CAN'T COPY)

Check back soon!

Problem 27

Opportunity costs. (H. Schaefer, adapted) The Wild Orchid Corporation is working at full production capacity producing 13,000 units of a unique product, Everlast. Manufacturing cost per unit for Everlast is:$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\text { Direct materials } & \$ 10 \\
\text { Direct manufacturing labor } & 2 \\
\text { Manufacturing overhead } & \underline{14} \\
\text { Total manufacturing cost } & \underline{\$ 26}
\end{array}
$$
Manufacturing overhead cost per unit is based on variable cost per unit of $$\$ 8$$ and fixed costs of $$\$ 78,000$$ (at full capacity of 13,000 units). Marketing cost per unit, all variable, is $$\$ 4$$, and the selling price is $$\$ 52$$.

A customer, the Apex Company, has asked Wild Orchid to produce 3,500 units of Stronglast, a modification of Everlast. Stronglast would require the same manufacturing processes as Everlast. Apex has offered to pay Wild Orchid $$\$ 40$$ for a unit of Stronglast and share half of the marketing cost per unit.

Check back soon!

Problem 28

Product mix, special order. (N. Melumad, adapted) Gunther Precision Tools makes cutting tools for metalworking operations. It makes two types of tools: A6, a regular cutting tool, and EX4, a high-precision cutting tool. A6 is manufactured on a regular machine, but EX4 must be manufactured on both the regular machine and a high-precision machine. The following information is available:
(TABLE CAN'T COPY)
Additional information includes the following:
a. Gunther faces a capacity constraint on the regular machine of 50,000 hours per year.
b. The capacity of the high-precision machine is not a constraint.
c. Of the $$\$ 1,100,000$$ budgeted fixed overhead costs of EX4, $$\$ 600,000$$ are lease payments for the highprecision machine. This cost is charged entirely to EX4 because Gunther uses the machine exclusively to produce EX4. The company can cancel the lease agreement for the high-precision machine at any time without penalties.
d. All other overhead costs are fixed and cannot be changed.

Check back soon!

Problem 29

Theory of constraints, throughput margin, quality, and relevant costs. Agnello Industries manufactures pharmaceutical products in two departments: mixing and tablet making. Additional information on the two departments follows. Each tablet contains 0.7 gram of direct materials.
(TABLE CAN'T COPY)
The mixing department makes 210,000 grams of direct materials mixture (enough to make 300,000 tablets) because the tablet-making department has only enough capacity to process 300,000 tablets. All direct material costs of $$\$ 147,000$$ are incurred in the mixing department. The tablet-making department manufactures only 294,000 tablets from the 210,000 grams of mixture processed; $2 \%$ of the direct materials mixture is lost in the tablet-making process. Each tablet sells for $$\$ 1.25$$. All costs other than direct material costs are fixed costs. The following requirements refer only to the preceding data. There is no connection between the requirements.

Check back soon!

Problem 30

Dropping a product line, selling more units. The Northern Division of Shea Corporation makes and sells tables and beds. The following estimated revenue and cost information from the division's $A B C$ system is available for 2013.
(TABLE CAN'T COPY)
a. On January 1,2013 , the equipment has a book value of $$\$ 114,000$$, a 1 -year useful life, and zero disposal value. Any equipment not used will remain idle.
b. Fixed marketing and distribution costs of a product line can be avoided if the line is discontinued.
c. Fixed general-administration costs of the division and corporate-office costs will not change if the company increases or decreases sales of individual product lines or if it adds or drops product lines.

Check back soon!

Problem 31

Make or buy, unknown level of volume. (A.Atkinson, adapted) Denver Englneering manufactures small engines that it sells to manufacturers who install them in products such as lawn mowers. The company currently manufactures all the parts used in these engines but is considering a proposal from an external supplier who wishes to supply the starter assemblies used in these engines.

The starter assemblies are currently manufactured in Division 3 of Denver Engineering. The costs relating to the starter assemblies for the past 12 months were as follows:
$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\text { Direct materials } & \$ 400,000 \\
\text { Direct manufacturing labor } & 300,000 \\
\text { Manufacturing overhead } & 800,000 \\
\hline \text { Total } & \underline{\$ 1,500,000} \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$
Over the past year, Division 3 manufactured 150,000 starter assemblies. The average cost for each starter assembly is $\$ 10(\$ 1,500,000 \div 150,000)$.

Further analysis of manufacturing overhead revealed the following information. Of the total manufacturing overhead, only $25 \%$ is considered variable. Of the fixed portion, $$\$ 300,000$$ is an allocation of general overhead that will remain unchanged for the company as a whole if production of the starter assemblies is discontinued. A further $$\$ 200,000$$ of the fixed overhead is avoidable if production of the starter assemblies is discontinued. The balance of the current fixed overhead, $$\$ 100,000$$, is the division manager's salary. If Denver Engineering discontinues production of the starter assemblies, the manager of Division 3 will be transferred to Division 2 at the same salary. This move will allow the company to save the $$\$ 80,000$$ salary that would otherwise be paid to attract an outsider to this position.

Check back soon!

Problem 32

Make versus buy, activity-based costing, opportunity costs. The Weston Company produces gas grills. This year's expected production is 20,000 units. Currently, Weston makes the side bumers for its grills. Each grill includes two side burners. Weston's management accountant reports the following costs for making 40,000 burners:(TABLE CAN'T COPY)
Weston has received an offer from an outside vendor to supply any number of burmers Weston requires at a price of $$\$ 18.50$$ per burner. The following additional information is available:
a. Inspection, setup, and materials-handling costs vary with the number of batches in which the burmers are produced. Weston produces burners in batch sizes of 1,000 units. Weston will produce the 40,000 units in 40 batches.
b. Weston rents the machine it uses to make the burners. If Weston buys all of its burners from the outside vendor, it does not need to pay rent on this machine.

Check back soon!

Problem 33

Product mix, constrained resource. Wechsler Company produces three products: A110, B382, and C657. All three products use the same direct material, Voxx. Unit data for the three products are:(TABLE CAN'T COPY)
The demand for the products far exceeds the direct materials available to produce the products. Voxx costs $$\$ 6$$ per pound and a maximum of 5,000 pounds is available each month. Wechsler must produce a minimum of 200 units of each product.

Check back soon!

Problem 34

Joint costs, sell immediately, or process further. Utah Soy Products (USP) buys soybeans and processes them into other soy products. Each ton of soybeans that USP purchases for $$\$ 400$$ can be converted for an additional $$\$ 210$$ into 675 pounds of soy meal and 80 gallons of soy oil. A pound of soy meal can be sold at splitoff for $$\$ 1.12$$ and soy oil can be sold in bulk for $$\$ 4.50$$ per gallon.

USP can process the 675 pounds of soy meal into 825 pounds of soy cookies at an additional cost of $$\$ 380$$. Each pound of soy cookies can be sold for $$\$ 2.12$$ per pound. The 80 gallons of soy oil can be packaged at a cost of $$\$ 260$$ and made into 320 quarts of Soyola. Each quart of Soyola can be sold for $$\$ 1.15$$.

Check back soon!
00:00

Problem 35

Optimal product mix. (CMA, adapted) Diane Simpson, Inc., sells two popular brands of cookies: Diane's Delight and Bessie's Bourbon. Diane's Delight goes through the mixing and baking departments, and Bessie's Bourbon, a filled cookie, goes through the mixing, filling, and baking departments.

Michael Shirra, vice president of sales, believes that at the current price, Diane Simpson can sell all of its daily production of Diane's Delight and Bessie's Bourbon. Both cookies are made in batches of 3,000 . In each department, the time required per batch and the total time available each day are:(TABLE CAN'T COPY)

Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Numerade Educator

Problem 36

Dropping a customer, activity-based costing, ethics. Jason Ackerman is the management accountant for Central Restaurant Supply (CRS). Beth Donaldson, the VRS sales manager, and Jason are meeting to discuss the profitability of one of the customers, Mama Leone's Pizza. Jason hands Beth the following analysis of Mama Leone's activity during the last quarter, taken from Central's activity-based costing system:$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\text { Sales } & \$ 23,400 \\
\text { Cost of goods sold (all variable) } & 14,025 \\
\text { Order processing (25 orders processed at } \$ 300 \text { per order) } & 7,500 \\
\text { Delivery (2,500 miles driven at } \$ 0.75 \text { per mile) } & 1,875 \\
\text { Rush orders (3 rush orders at } \$ 165 \text { per rush order) } & 495 \\
\text { Sales calls (3 sales calls at } \$ 150 \text { per call) } & 450 \\
\text { Operating income } & \underline{\$ \quad(945)}
\end{array}
$$Beth looks at the report and remarks, "I'm glad to see all my hard work is paying off with Mama Leone's. Sales have gone up $10 \%$ over the previous quarter!"

Jason replies, "Increased sales are great, but I'm worried about Mama Leone's margin, Beth. We were showing a profit with Mama Leone's at the lower sales level, but now we're showing a loss. Gross margin percentage this quarter was $40 \%$, down five percentage points from the prior quarter. I'm afraid that corporate will push hard to drop them as a customer if things don't turn around."
"That's crazy," Beth responds, "A lot of that overhead for things like order processing, deliveries, and sales calls would just be allocated to other customers if we dropped Mama Leone's. This report makes it look like we're losing money on Mama Leone's when we're not. In any case, I am sure you can do something to make its profitability look closer to what we think it is. No one doubts that Mama Leone's is a very good customer."

Check back soon!

Problem 37

Equipment replacement decisions and performance evaluation. Sean Fitzpatrick manages the Chicago plant of Shamrock Manufacturing. A representative of Darien Engineering approaches Fitzpatrick about replacing a large piece of manufacturing equipment that Shamrock uses in its process with a more efficient model. While the representative made some compelling arguments in favor of replacing the 3 -year-old equipment, Fitzpatrick is hesitant. Fitzpatrick is hoping to be promoted next
year to manager of the larger Houston plant, and he knows that the accrual-basis net operating income of the Chicago plant will be evaluated closely as part of the promotion decision. The following information is available concerning the equipment replacement decision:
- The historic cost of the old machine is $$\$ 150,000$$. It has a current book value of $$\$ 60,000,2$$ remaining years of useful life, and a market value of $$\$ 36,000$$. Annual depreciation expense is $$\$ 30,000$$. It is expected to have a salvage value of $$\$ 0$$ at the end of its useful life.
- The new equipment will cost $$\$ 90,000$$. It will have a 2 -year useful life and a $$\$ 0$$ salvage value. Shamrock uses straight-line depreciation on all equipment.
- The new equipment will reduce electricity costs by $$\$ 17,500$$ per year, and will reduce direct manufacturing labor costs by $$\$ 15,000$$ per year.

For simplicity, ignore income taxes and the time value of money.

Check back soon!