Applied Statistics in Business and Economics

David P. Doane, Lori E. Seward

Chapter 3 Describing Data Visually - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

(a) Make a stem-and-leaf plot for these 24 observations on the number of customers who used a downtown Citibank ATM during the noon hour on 24 consecutive workdays. (b) Make a dot plot of the ATM data. (c) Describe these two displays.
$$
\begin{array}{rrrrrrrr}
39 & 32 & 21 & 26 & 19 & 27 & 32 & 25 \\
18 & 26 & 34 & 18 & 31 & 35 & 21 & 33 \\
33 & 9 & 16 & 32 & 35 & 42 & 15 & 24
\end{array}
$$

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02:52

Problem 2

(a) Make a stem-and-leaf plot for the number of defects per 100 vehicles for these 32 brands.
(b) Make a dot plot of the defects data. (c) Describe these two displays.
$$
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \text { Brand } & \text { Defects } & \text { Brand } & \text { Defects } & \text { Brand } & \text { Defects } \\
\hline \text { Acura } & 86 & \text { Hyundai } & 102 & \mathrm{M} / \mathrm{N} & 133 \\
\hline \text { Audi } & 111 & \text { Infiniti } & 107 & \text { Mitsubishi } & 146 \\
\hline \text { BMW } & 113 & \text { Jaguar } & 130 & \text { Nissan } & 111 \\
\hline \text { Buick } & 114 & \text { Jeep } & 129 & \text { Porsche } & 83 \\
\hline \text { Cadillac } & 111 & \text { Kia } & 126 & \text { Rem } & 110 \\
\hline \text { Chevrolet } & 111 & \text { Land Rover } & 170 & \text { Scion } & 114 \\
\hline \text { Chrysler } & 122 & \text { Lexus } & 88 & \text { Subaru } & 121 \\
\hline \text { Dodge } & 130 & \text { Lincoln } & 106 & \text { Toyota } & 117 \\
\hline \text { Ford } & 93 & \text { Mazda } & 114 & \text { Volkswagen } & 135 \\
\hline \text { GMC } & 126 & \text { Mercedes-Benz } & 87 & \text { Volvo } & 109 \\
\hline \text { Honda } & 95 & \text { Mercury } & 113 & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Brandon Cleary

Numerade Educator

03:03

Problem 3

(a) Make a stacked dot plot to compare the lengths of cell phone calls by Sarah and Bob during the last week. (b) Describe what the dot plots tell you.
Sarah's cals:
$1,1,1,1,2,3,3,3,5,5,6,6,7,8,8,12,14,14,22,23,29,33,38,45,66$

Bob's cals:
$5,8,9,14,17,21,23,23,24,26,27,27,28,29,31,33,35,39,41$

Lucas Finney

Numerade Educator

02:48

Problem 4

(a) The table shows the number of days on the market for the 36 recent home sales in the city of Sonando Hills. Construct a frequency distribution and histogram, using nice (round) bin limits.
(b) Describe the distribution and note any unusual features. Homes
18 70 52 17 86 121 86 3 66
96 41 50 176 26 28 6 55 21
43 20 56 71 57 16 20 30 31
44 44 92 179 80 98 44 66 15

Lucas Finney

Numerade Educator

01:45

Problem 5

(a) The table shows raw scores on a state civil service exam taken by 24 applicants for positions in law enforcement. Construct a frequency distribution and histogram, using nice (round) bin limits.
(b) Describe the distribution and note any unusual features. Civil
83 93 74 98 85 82 79 78
82 68 67 82 78 83 70 99
18 96 93 62 64 93 27 58

Sheryl Ezze

Numerade Educator

00:25

Problem 6

(a) Make a frequency distribution and histogram (using appropriate bins) for these 28 observations on the amount spent for dinner for four in downtown Chicago on Friday night. (b) Repeat the exercise, using a different number of bins. Which is preferred? Why? Dinner
95 103 109 170 114 113 107
124 105 80 104 84 176 115
69 95 134 108 61 160 128
68 95 61 150 52 87 136

Amrita Bhasin

Numerade Educator

08:05

Problem 7

(a) Make a frequency distribution and histogram for the monthly off-campus rent paid by 30 students.
(b) Repeat the exercise, using a different number of bins. Which is preferred? Why? Rents
730 730 730 930 700 570
690 1,030 740 620 720 670
560 740 650 660 850 930
600 620 760 690 710 500
730 800 820 840 720 700

Sara Partee

Numerade Educator

00:24

Problem 8

(a) Make a frequency distribution and histogram for the annual compensation of 40 randomly chosen CEOs (millions of dollars). (b) Describe the shape of the histogram. (c) Identify any unusual values. CEOComp40
5.33 18.3 24.55 9.08 12.22 5.52 2.01 3.81
192.92 17.83 23.77 8.7 11.15 4.87 1.72 3.72
66.08 15.41 22.59 6.75 9.97 4.83 1.29 3.72
28.09 12.32 19.55 5.55 9.19 3.83 0.79 2.79
34.91 13.95 20.77 6.47 9.63 4.47 1.01 3.07

Hossam Mohamed

Numerade Educator

15:24

Problem 9

For each frequency distribution, suggest "nice" bins. Did your choice agree with Sturges' Rule? If not, explain.
a. Last week's MPG for 35 student vehicles $\left(x_{m \mathrm{~m}}=9.4, x_{\text {mex }}=38.7\right)$.
b. Ages of 50 airplane passengers $\left(x_{\min }=12, x_{\operatorname{ma}}=85\right)$.
c. GPAs of 250 first-semester college students $\left(x_{\text {met }}=2.25, x_{\text {max }}=3.71\right)$.
d. Annual rates of return on 150 mutual funds $\left(x_{\text {min }}=.023, x_{\text {max }}=.097\right)$.

Jason H

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Below are sorted data showing average spending per customer (in dollars) at 74 Noodles & Company restaurants. (a) Construct a frequency distribution. Explain how you chose the number of bins and the bin limits. (b) Make a histogram and describe its appearance. (c) Repeat, using a larger number of bins and different bin limits. (d) Did your visual impression of the data change when you increased the number of bins? Explain. Note: You may use software such as MegaStator Minitab if your instructor agrees.
6.54 6.58 6.58 6.62 6.66 6.70 6.71 6.73 6.75 6.75 6.76 6.76
6.76 6.77 6.77 6.79 6.81 6.81 6.82 6.84 6.85 6.89 6.90 6.91
6.91 6.92 6.93 6.93 6.94 6.95 6.95 6.95 6.96 6.96 6.98 6.99
7.00 7.00 7.00 7.02 7.03 7.03 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.05 7.07 7.07
7.08 7.11 7.11 7.13 7.13 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.21 7.25 7.28 7.28
7.30 7.33 7.33 7.35 7.37 7.38 7.45 7.56 7.57 7.58 7.64 7.65
7.87 7.97

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01:53

Problem 11

(a) Use Excel to prepare a line chart to display the data on housing starts. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., to make the display effective. (b) Describe the pattern, if any.
U.S. Housing Starts (thousands), 2000–2020 Housing
$$
\begin{array}{cccccc}
\hline \text { Year } & \text { Starts } & \text { Year } & \text { Starts } & \text { Year } & \text { Starts } \\
\hline 2000 & 1,573 & 2007 & 1,342 & 2014 & 1,000 \\
2001 & 1,601 & 2008 & 900 & 2015 & 1,107 \\
2002 & 1,710 & 2009 & 554 & 2016 & 1,178 \\
2003 & 1,854 & 2010 & 586 & 2017 & 1,209 \\
2004 & 1,950 & 2011 & 612 & 2018 & 1,250 \\
2005 & 2,073 & 2012 & 784 & 2019 & 1,267 \\
2006 & 1,812 & 2013 & 928 & 2020 & 1,366 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Adriano Chikande

Numerade Educator

01:59

Problem 12

(a) Use Excel to prepare a line chart to display the skier/snowboarder data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., to make the display effective. (b) Describe the pattern, if any.
U.S. Skier/Snowboarder Visits (Millions), 2000–2019 Snowboards
$$
\begin{array}{llllll}
\hline \text { Season } & \text { Visits } & \text { Season } & \text { Visits } & \text { Season } & \text { Visits } \\
\hline 2000-01 & 57.3 & 2007-08 & 60.5 & 2014-15 & 53.6 \\
2001-02 & 54.4 & 2008-09 & 57.4 & 2015-16 & 52.8 \\
2002-03 & 57.6 & 2009-10 & 59.8 & 2016-17 & 54.8 \\
2003-04 & 57.1 & 2010-11 & 60.5 & 2017-18 & 53.3 \\
2004-05 & 56.9 & 2011-12 & 51.0 & 2018-19 & 59.3 \\
2005-06 & 58.9 & 2012-13 & 56.9 & & \\
2006-07 & 55.1 & 2013-14 & 56.5 & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Ankit Gupta

Numerade Educator

02:39

Problem 13

(a) Use Excel to prepare a line chart to display the lightning death data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Describe the pattern, if any.
U.S. Deaths by Lightning, 1940–2015 Lightning
$$
\begin{array}{cccccc}
\hline \text { Year } & \text { Deaths } & \text { Year } & \text { Deaths } & \text { Year } & \text { Deaths } \\
\hline 1940 & 340 & 1970 & 122 & 2005 & 38 \\
1945 & 268 & 1975 & 91 & 2010 & 29 \\
1950 & 219 & 1980 & 74 & 2015 & 27 \\
1955 & 181 & 1985 & 74 & & \\
1960 & 129 & 1990 & 74 & & \\
1965 & 149 & 1995 & 85 & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

James Kiss

Numerade Educator

01:29

Problem 14

(a) Use Excel to prepare a line chart to display the following transplant data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., to make the display effective. (b) Describe the pattern, if any.
U.S. Organ Transplants, 2000–2010 Transplants
$$
\begin{array}{llllllll}
\hline \text { Year } & \text { Heart } & \text { Liver } & \text { Kidney } & \text { Year } & \text { Heart } & \text { Liver } & \text { Kidney } \\
\hline 2000 & 2,172 & 4,816 & 13,258 & 2006 & 2,192 & 6,650 & 17,094 \\
2001 & 2,202 & 5,177 & 14,152 & 2007 & 2,210 & 6,493 & 16,624 \\
2002 & 2,153 & 5,326 & 14,741 & 2008 & 2,163 & 6,318 & 16,517 \\
2003 & 2,057 & 5,673 & 15,137 & 2009 & 2,212 & 6,320 & 16,829 \\
2004 & 2,015 & 6,169 & 16,004 & 2010 & 2,333 & 6,291 & 16,898 \\
2005 & 2,125 & 6,443 & 16,481 & & & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Carson Merrill

Numerade Educator

02:02

Problem 15

(a) Use Excel to prepare a line chart to display the following gasoline price data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., to make the display effective. (b) Change it to a 2-D column chart. Modify the display if necessary to make the display attractive. (c) Do you prefer the line chart or bar chart? Why? Hint: Do not include the years when you make the chart. After the chart is completed, you can right-click the chart, choose Select Data, select Horizomal Aus tabels, and then click Edit to insert the range for the years as $X$-axis labels.
Average U.S. Retail Price of Gasoline (dollars per gallon) GasPrice
$$
\begin{array}{lccccc}
\hline \text { Year } & \text { Price } & \text { Year } & \text { Price } & \text { Year } & \text { Price } \\
\hline 1965 & 0.31 & 1985 & 1.20 & 2005 & 2.30 \\
1970 & 0.36 & 1990 & 1.16 & 2010 & 3.02 \\
1975 & 0.57 & 1995 & 1.15 & 2015 & 2.33 \\
1980 & 1.25 & 2000 & 1.51 & 2020 & 1.77 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Erika Bustos

Numerade Educator

02:44

Problem 16

The table shows the number of TVs sold by a major retailer in California for three years.
(a) Use Excel to prepare a 2-D side-by-side column chart with screen size on the horizontal axis.
(b) Change your graph to a 3-D side-by-side columin chart. Is 3-D better than 2-D? Explain.
(c) Change the chart type to a 3-D stacked column chart. Is the stacked chart a better way to compare sales over time or among screen sizes? (d) Right-click the data series, choose Add Data Labols, and add labels to the data. Do the labels help or hinder viewer understanding?
TV Units Sold by Screen Size (inches) TVSales
$$
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \text { Year } & 40^{\prime \prime} \text { or Less } & 40^{\prime \prime} \text { to } 49^{\prime} & 50^{\prime \prime} \text { to } 59^{\prime \prime} & 60^{\prime \prime} \text { or More } \\
\hline 2012 & 2,204 & 1,107 & 343 & 157 \\
\hline 2014 & 1,802 & 811 & 508 & 273 \\
\hline 2016 & 1.558 & 666 & 585 & 386 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

(a) Use Excel to prepare a Pareto chart of the following data. (b) Which three complaint categories account for approximately 80 percent of all complaints? (c) Which category should the telephone company focus on first?
Telephone Company Service Complaints, n = 791 Complaints
$$
\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline \text { Customer Complaints } & \text { Frequency } & \text { Percent } \\
\hline \text { Wait too long } & 350 & 44.2 \% \\
\text { Service person rude } & 187 & 23.6 \% \\
\text { Difficult to reach a real person } & 90 & 11.4 \% \\
\text { Service person not helpful } & 85 & 10.7 \% \\
\text { Automated instructions confusing } & 45 & 5.7 \% \\
\text { Customer service phone number hard to find } & 21 & 2.7 \% \\
\text { Automated voice annoying } & 13 & 1.6 \% \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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Problem 18

(a) Use Excel to prepare a 2-D pie chart for these web-surfing data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Right-click the chart area. select Chart Type, and change to an exploded 2-D pie chart. (c) Right-click the chart area, select Chart Type, and change to a bar chart. Which do you prefer? Why? Hint: Include data labels with the percent values.
Are You Concerned about Being Tracked While Web Surfing? WebSurf
$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\hline \text { Level of Concem } & \text { Percent } \\
\hline \text { Very concerned } & 68 \\
\text { Somewhat concerned } & 23 \\
\text { Not very concerned } & 9 \\
\text { Total } & 100 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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Problem 19

(a) Use Excel to prepare a 2-D pie chart for the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Right-click the chart area, select Chart Type, and change to a 3-D pie chart. (c) Right-click the chart area, select Chart Type, and change to a bar chart. Which do you prefer? Why?
Dolona Corporation Medical Claims in 2017 Dolona
$$
\begin{array}{lc}
\hline \text { Spent On } & \text { Percent of Total } \\
\hline \text { Hospital services } & 47.5 \\
\text { Physicians } & 27.0 \\
\text { Pharmaceuticals } & 19.5 \\
\text { Mental health } & 5.0 \\
\text { Other } & 1.0 \\
\text { Total } & 100.0 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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Problem 20

(a) Use Excel to prepare a 2-D pie chart for these LCD (liquid crystal display) shipments data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Do you feel that the chart has become too cluttered (i.e., are you displaying too many slices)? Would a bar chart be better? Explain.
World Market Share of LCD Shipments LCDMarket
$$
\begin{array}{lc}
\hline \text { Company } & \text { Percent } \\
\hline \text { Samsung } & 18.0 \\
\text { Vizio } & 16.7 \\
\text { Sony } & 11.3 \\
\text { Sanyo } & 8.0 \\
\text { LG Electronics } & 7.8 \\
\text { Others } & 38.1 \\
\text { Total } & 100.0 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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02:21

Problem 21

(a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot of the data for bottled water sales for 10 weeks, placing Price on the $X$-axis and Units Sold on the $Y$-axis. Add titles and modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the scatter plot effective. (b) Describe the relationship (if any) between $X$ and $Y$. Weak? Strong? Negative? Positive? Linear? Nonlinear? WaterSold
$$
\begin{array}{cc}
\hline \text { Unit Price } & \text { Units Sold } \\
\hline 1.15 & 186 \\
0.94 & 216 \\
1.04 & 173 \\
1.05 & 182 \\
1.08 & 183 \\
1.33 & 150 \\
0.99 & 190 \\
1.25 & 165 \\
1.16 & 190 \\
1.11 & 201 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

April Berlyoung

Numerade Educator

04:16

Problem 22

a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot of these vehicle data, placing Weight on the $X$-axis and City MPG on the $Y$-axis. Add titles and modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the scatter plot effective. (b) Describe the relationship (if any) between $X$ and $Y$. Weak? Strong? Negative? Positive? Linear? Nonlinear?
Weight and MPG for Selected 2020 Vehicles $(n=50)$
$$
\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline \text { Brand and Model } & \text { City MPG } & \text { Weight (lbs.) } \\
\hline \text { Acura RDX SH SWD 4dr SUV } & 21 & 4026 \\
\text { Acura TLX sedan } & 23 & 3505 \\
\text { Audi V10 2dr quattro convertible } & 13 & 3572 \\
\ldots . & \ldots & \ldots \\
\text { Toyota Yaris L 4dr sedan } & 30 & 2385 \\
\text { Volvo XC40 T5 4dr SUV } & 22 & 3756 \\
\text { WW Tiguan SE R-Line 4dr SUV } & 22 & 3757 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Vaidik Stats

Numerade Educator

03:56

Problem 23

(a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot of the following retail store sales data, placing Coupon on the $X$-axis and Revenue on the $Y$-axis. Add titles and modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the scatter plot effective. (b) Describe the relationship (if any) between $X$ and Y. Weak? Strong? Negative? Positive? Linear? Nonlinear?
Retail Store Revenue and Percent of Transactions with Coupon Redeemed $(n=20)$ Coupons
$$
\begin{array}{lccccc}
\hline \text { Week } & \text { Revenue (\$000) } & \text { Coupon \% } & \text { Week } & \text { Revenue (\$000) } & \text { Coupon \% } \\
\hline \text { May 9 } & 780 & 66.7 & \text { Jul 18 } & 983 & 48.3 \\
\text { May 16 } & 921 & 40.0 & \text { Jul 25 } & 859 & 55.0 \\
\text { May 23 } & 883 & 55.6 & \text { Aug 1 } & 904 & 73.3 \\
\text { May 30 } & 932 & 84.6 & \text { Aug 8 } & 909 & 85.7 \\
\text { Jun 6 } & 887 & 70.0 & \text { Aug 15 } & 988 & 94.1 \\
\text { Jun 13 } & 1,121 & 69.2 & \text { Aug 22 } & 943 & 80.0 \\
\text { Jun 20 } & 723 & 17.5 & \text { Aug 29 } & 1,007 & 83.3 \\
\text { Jun 27 } & 857 & 16.3 & \text { Sep 5 } & 930 & 90.9 \\
\text { Jul 4 } & 849 & 25.5 & \text { Sep 12 } & 928 & 87.5 \\
\text { Jul 11 } & 859 & 14.9 & \text { Sep 19 } & 920 & 70.0 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Sheryl Ezze

Numerade Educator

09:15

Problem 24

(a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot of the data, placing Floor Space on the $X$-axis and Weekly Sales on the $Y$-axis. Add titles and modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the scatter plot effective. (b) Describe the relationship (if any) between $X$ and $Y$. Weak? Strong? Negative? Positive? Linear? Nonlinear $\square$ FloorSpace
$$
\begin{array}{cc}
\text { Floor Space (sq. ft.) } & \text { Weekly Sales (dollars) } \\
\hline 6,060 & 16,380 \\
5,230 & 14,400 \\
4,280 & 13,820 \\
5,580 & 18,230 \\
5,670 & 14,200 \\
5,020 & 12,800 \\
5,410 & 15,840 \\
4,990 & 16,610 \\
4,220 & 13,610 \\
4,160 & 10,050 \\
4,870 & 15,320 \\
5,470 & 13,270 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Jameson Kuper

Numerade Educator

02:30

Problem 25

The durations (minutes) of 26 electric power outages in the community of Sonando Heights over the past five years are shown below. (a) Make a stem-and-leaf diagram. (b) Make a histogram. (c) Describe the shape of the distribution. Duration
32 44 25 66 27 12 62 9 51 4 17 50 35
99 30 21 12 53 25 2 18 24 84 30 17 17

Alexander Cheng

Numerade Educator

00:43

Problem 26

The U.S. Postal Service will ship a Priority Mail® Large Flat Rate Box (12′′ × 12′′ × 51⁄2′′) anywhere in the United States for a fixed price, regardless of weight. The weights (ounces) of 20 randomly chosen boxes are shown below. (a) Make a stem-and-leaf diagram. (b) Make a histogram. (c) Describe the shape of the distribution. Weights
72 86 28 67 64 65 45 86 31 32
39 92 90 91 84 62 80 74 63 86

Jessica Kluck

Numerade Educator

05:54

Problem 27

A study of 40 U.S. cardiac care centers showed the following ratios of nurses to beds. (a) Prepare a dot plot. (b) Prepare a frequency distribution and histogram (you may either specify the bins yourself or use automatic bins). (c) Describe the distribution, based on these displays. Nurses
1.48 1.16 1.24 1.52 1.30 1.28 1.68 1.40 1.12 0.98 0.93 2.76
1.34 1.58 1.72 1.38 1.44 1.41 1.34 1.96 1.29 1.21 2.00 1.50
1.68 1.39 1.62 1.17 1.07 2.11 2.40 1.35 1.48 1.59 1.81 1.15
1.35 1.42 1.33 1.41

Pammi Eswari

Numerade Educator

01:47

Problem 28

The first Rose Bowl (football) was played in 1902. The next one was not played until 1916, but a Rose Bowl has been played every year since then. The margin of victory in each of the 100 Rose Bowls from 1902 through 2020 is shown below (0 indicates a tie). (a) Prepare a stem-and-leaf plot. (b) Prepare a frequency distribution and histogram (you may either specify the bins yourself or use automatic bins). (c) Describe the distribution, based on these displays. RoseBowl
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7
7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9
9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 13 13
13 14 14 14 14 14 14 16 16 17 17 17 18
18 20 20 20 21 21 23 24 25 25 26 27 28
28 29 29 31 32 33 33 35 36 36 39 49 49

Brandon Cleary

Numerade Educator

Problem 29

An executive’s telephone log showed the following data for the length of 60 calls initiated during the last week of July. (a) Prepare a dot plot. (b) Prepare a frequency distribution and histogram (you may either specify the bins yourself or use automatic bins). (c) Describe the distribution, based on these displays. CallLength
1 2 10 5 3 3 2 20 1 1
6 3 13 2 2 1 26 3 1 3
1 2 1 7 1 2 3 1 2 12
1 4 2 2 29 1 1 1 8 5
1 4 2 1 1 1 1 6 1 2
3 3 6 1 3 1 1 5 1 18

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03:21

Problem 30

Below are batting averages of the New York Yankees players who were at bat five times or more in 2006. (a) Construct a frequency distribution. Explain how you chose the number of bins and the bin limits. (b) Make a histogram and describe its appearance. (c) Repeat, using a different number of bins and different bin limits. (d) Did your visual impression of the data change when you changed the number of bins? Explain. Yankees
Batting Averages for the 2006 New York Yankees
$$
\begin{array}{lclc}
\hline \text { Player } & \text { Avg } & \text { Player } & \text { Avg } \\
\hline \text { Derek Jeter } & 0.343 & \text { Craig Wilson } & 0.212 \\
\text { Johnny Damon } & 0.285 & \text { Bubba Crosby } & 0.207 \\
\text { Alex Rodriguez } & 0.290 & \text { Aaron Guiel } & 0.256 \\
\text { Robinson Cano } & 0.342 & \text { Kelly Stinnett } & 0.228 \\
\text { Jorge Posada } & 0.277 & \text { Nick Green } & 0.240 \\
\text { Melky Cabrera } & 0.280 & \text { Sal Fasano } & 0.143 \\
\text { Jason Giambi } & 0.253 & \text { Terrence Long } & 0.167 \\
\text { Bernie Williams } & 0.281 & \text { Kevin Thompson } & 0.300 \\
\text { Andy Phillips } & 0.240 & \text { Kevin Reese } & 0.417 \\
\text { Miguel Cairo } & 0.239 & \text { Andy Cannizaro } & 0.250 \\
\text { Bobby Abreu } & 0.330 & \text { Randy Johnson } & 0.167 \\
\text { Hideki Matsui } & 0.302 & \text { Wil Nieves } & 0.000 \\
\text { Gary Sheffield } & 0.298 & & \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Kathleen Snyder

Numerade Educator

01:57

Problem 31

Download from the McGraw-Hill Connect ${ }^{\circ}$ website the full data set of measurements of cockpit noise level for an older commercial jet airliner (only the first 2 and last 2 data values are shown). (a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot, placing Airspeed on the $X$-axis and Noise Level on the $Y$-axis. Add titles and modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the scatter plot effective. (b) Describe the relationship (if any) between $X$ and $Y$. Weak? Strong? Negative? Positive? Linear? Nonlinear?
Airspeed and Cockpit Noise (n = 61 measurements) CockpitNoise
$$
\begin{array}{ccc}
\hline \text { Obs } & \text { Airspeed (knots) } & \text { Noise Level (dB) } \\
\hline 1 & 250 & 83 \\
2 & 340 & 89 \\
\ldots & \ldots & \ldots \\
60 & 405 & 93 \\
61 & 250 & 82 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Kaylee Mcclellan

Numerade Educator

Problem 32

Download the full data set from the McGraw-Hill Connect ${ }^{\text {E }}$ website (only the first 2 and last 2 data values are shown). (a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot, placing Dolona on the $X$-axis and ZalParm on the $Y$-axis. Add titles and modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the scatter plot effective. (b) Describe the relationship (if any) between $X$ and $Y$. Weak? Strong? Negative? Positive? Linear? Nonlinear? (c) Make a line chart showing both time series variables on the same chart. Does the line chart support your conclusions from the scatter plot?
Week Closing Price of Two Stocks (n = 52 weeks) StockPrices
$$
\begin{array}{ccc}
\hline \text { Week } & \text { Dolona } & \text { ZalParm } \\
\hline 1 & 14.71 & 36.93 \\
2 & 14.65 & 33.63 \\
\ldots & \ldots & \ldots \\
51 & 12.40 & 29.41 \\
52 & 11.98 & 25.79 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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08:42

Problem 33

Download the full data set from the McGraw-Hill Connect ${ }^{\infty}$ website (only the first 2 and last 2 data values are shown). (a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot, placing GDP per Capita on the $X$-axis and Birth Rate on the $Y$-axis. Add titles and modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the scatter plot effective. (b) Describe the relationship (if any) between $X$ and $Y$. Weak? Strong? Negative? Positive? Linear? Nonlinear?
GDP per Capita and Birth Rate ( $n=153$ nations) GDPBirthRate
$$
\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline \text { Nation } & \text { GDP per Capita } & \text { Birth Rate } \\
\hline \text { Afghanistan } & 800 & 41.03 \\
\text { Albania } & 3,800 & 18.59 \\
\ldots & \ldots & \ldots \\
\text { Zambia } & 870 & 41.01 \\
\text { Zimbabwe } & 2,450 & 24.59 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

James Kiss

Numerade Educator

Problem 34

(a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? WomenPilots
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

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Problem 35

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Problem 36

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20:53

Problem 37

Oswaldo Jiménez

Numerade Educator

00:33

Problem 38

a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? BirthRate
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Hossam Mohamed

Numerade Educator

Problem 39

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Problem 40

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Problem 41

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Problem 42

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03:11

Problem 43

(a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acceptable? Why or why not?
Where Did You Purchase Your Statistics Textbook? Textbook
$$
\begin{array}{lc}
\hline \text { Response } & \text { Count } \\
\hline \text { Campus Bookstore } & 147 \\
\text { Retail Outlet } & 66 \\
\text { Web (e.g., Amazon) } & 49 \\
\text { Another Student } & 7 \\
\quad \text { Total } & 269 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Sheryl Ezze

Numerade Educator

04:36

Problem 44

(a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the car color data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acceptable? Why or why not?
$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\begin{array}{l}
\text { New Car Color Preferences for North American } \\
\text { Buyers CarColor }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { Color } & \text { Percent } \\
\hline \text { Blue } & 8 \\
\text { Green } & 3 \\
\text { Grey } & 16 \\
\text { Brown } & 6 \\
\text { Red } & 10 \\
\text { Silver } & 19 \\
\text { White } & 16 \\
\text { Black } & 21 \\
\text { Other } & 1 \\
\text { Total } & 100 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Sandra Kudolo

Numerade Educator

Problem 45

a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acceptable? Why or why not?
Domestic Market Share, Ten Largest U.S. Airlines AirlineMkt
$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\hline \text { Airline } & \text { Percent } \\
\hline \text { Alaska } & 4.5 \\
\text { American } & 18.4 \\
\text { Delta } & 16.9 \\
\text { Frontier } & 2.0 \\
\text { Hawailan } & 1.7 \\
\text { JetBlue } & 5.4 \\
\text { SkyWest } & 2.4 \\
\text { Southwest } & 18.3 \\
\text { Spirit } & 2.7 \\
\text { United } & 14.5 \\
\text { Other } & 13.2 \\
\text { Total } & 100.0 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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Problem 46

(a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the U.S. petroleum import data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acceptable? Why or why not?
U.S. Petroleum Imports (millions of barrels per day) Petroleum
$$
\begin{array}{lccccccccc}
\hline \text { Year } & \mathbf{2 0 1 0} & \mathbf{2 0 1 1} & \mathbf{2 0 1 2} & \mathbf{2 0 1 3} & \mathbf{2 0 1 4} & \mathbf{2 0 1 5} & \mathbf{2 0 1 6} & \mathbf{2 0 1 7} & \mathbf{2 0 1 8} \\
\hline \text { OPEC } & 4.91 & 4.56 & 4.27 & 3.72 & 3.24 & 2.89 & 3.45 & 3.37 & 2.89 \\
\text { Non-OPEC } & 6.89 & 6.88 & 6.33 & 6.14 & 6.00 & 6.55 & 6.61 & 6.78 & 7.05 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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01:30

Problem 47

(a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acceptable? Why or why not?
U.S. Market Share for Web Browsers
WebSearch
$$
\begin{array}{lc}
\hline \text { Browser } & \text { Percent } \\
\hline \text { Chrome } & 57.1 \\
\text { Safari } & 13.8 \\
\text { Firefox } & 10.9 \\
\text { Internet Explorer/Edge } & 10.4 \\
\text { Opera } & 3.1 \\
\text { Others } & 4.7 \\
\quad \text { Total } & 100.0 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Lucas Finney

Numerade Educator

00:29

Problem 48

(a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the U.S. energy consumption data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acceptable? Why or why not?
U.S. Energy Consumption by Source Energy
$$
\begin{array}{lcr}
\hline \text { Source } & \text { Quad BTU } & \text { Percent } \\
\hline \text { Petroleum } & 37.06 & 38.4 \% \\
\text { Natural Gas } & 23.15 & 24.0 \% \\
\text { Coal } & 20.49 & 21.2 \%
\end{array}
$$
$$
\begin{array}{lrr}
\text { Nuclear } & 8.52 & 8.8 \% \\
\text { Renewables } & 7.17 & 7.4 \% \\
\text { Other } & 0.21 & 0.2 \% \\
\text { Total } & 96.60 & 100.0 \% \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Ashley Jordon

Numerade Educator

View

Problem 49

(a) Use Excel to prepare a Pareto chart of the following data. (b) In your own words, what does this chart say?
Cell Phone Service Provider $\boldsymbol{n}=158$ CellPhone
$$
\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline \text { Service Provider } & \text { Percent } & \text { Cumulative Percent } \\
\hline \text { Verizon } & 37.3 & 37.3 \\
\text { AT\&T } & 29.7 & 67.1 \\
\text { T-Mobile } & 13.3 & 80.4 \\
\text { Sprint } & 8.9 & 89.2 \\
\text { Other } & 10.8 & 100.0 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

Jason Gerber

Numerade Educator

Problem 50

(a) Clip an example of a deceptive visual data presentation from a recent magazine or newspaper. (If it is from a library, make a photocopy instead.) Try to choose an outrageous example that violates many principles of ideal graphs. (b) Cite the exact source where you found the display. (c) What do you think is its presumed purpose? (d) Write a short, critical evaluation of its strengths and weaknesses. Be sure to attach the original clipping (or a good photocopy) to your analysis.

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