Exploring Psychology

David G. Myers

Chapter 5

Developing Through the Life Span - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major issues that interest developmental psychologists?
a. Nature/nurture
b. Reflexes/unlearned behaviors
c. Stability/change
d. Continuity/stages

Emily Robinson

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Body organs first begin to form and function during the period of the ____ within 6 months, during the period of the ___ the organs are sufficiently functional to allow a chance of survival.
a. zygote; embryo
b. zygote; fetus
c. embryo; fetus
d. placenta; fetus

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Teratogens are chemicals that pass through the placenta's screen and may harm an embryo or fetus. Which of the following is NOT a teratogen?
a. Oxygen
b. Heroin
c. Alcohol
d. Nicotine

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Stroke a newborn's cheek and the infant will root for a nipple. This illustrates
a. a reflex.
b. nurture.
c. differentiation.
d. continuity.

Vishal Sharma

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Maturation, the orderly sequence of biological growth, explains why
a. children with autism have difficulty inferring others' thoughts and feelings.
b. most children have begun walking by about 12 months.
c. early experiences have no effect on brain tissue.
d. object permanence is present at birth.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Between ages 3 and $6,$ the human brain experiences the greatest growth in the ___ lobes, which we use for rational planning, and which continue developing at least into adolescence.
a. parietal
b. temporal
c. frontal
d. occipital

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Which of the following is true of motorskill development?
a. It is determined solely by genetic factors.
b. The sequence, but not the timing, is universal.
c. The timing, but not the sequence, is universal.
d. It is determined solely by environmental factors

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

During the preoperational stage, a young child's thinking is
a. abstract.
b. negative.
c. conservative.
d. egocentric.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Children acquire the mental operations necessary to understand conservation during the
a. sensorimotor stage.
b. preoperational stage.
c. concrete operational stage.
d. formal operational stage.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Although Piaget's stage theory continues to inform our understanding of children's thinking, many researchers believe that
a. Piaget's "stages" begin earlier and development is more continuous than he realized.
b. children do not progress as rapidly as Piaget predicted.
c. few children really progress to the concrete operational stage.
d. there is no way of testing much of Piaget's theoretical work.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Faced with a new babysitter, an 8 month-old infant often shows distress, a behavior referred to as
a. conservation.
c. imprinting.
b. stranger anxiety.
d. maturation.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

In a series of experiments, the Harlows found that monkeys raised with artificial mothers tended, when afraid, to cling to
a. the wire mother
b. the cloth mother.
c. whichever mother held the feeding bottle
d. other infant monkeys.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

From the very first weeks of life, infants differ in their characteristic emotional reactions, with some infants being intense and anxious, while others are easygoing and relaxed. These differences are usually explained as differences in
a. attachment.
b. imprinting.
c. temperament.
d. parental responsiveness.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Adolescence is marked by the onset of
a. an identity crisis.
b. puberty.
c. separation anxiety.
d. parent-child conflict.

Stacy Storey

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Primary sex characteristics relate to ___ secondary sex characteristics refer to ___.
a. ejaculation; menarche
b. breasts and facial hair; ovaries and testes
c. emotional maturity; hormone surges
d. reproductive organs; nonreproductive traits

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about abstractions indicates
a. concrete operational thought.
b. egocentrism.
c. formal operational thought.
d. conservation.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

According to Kohlberg, preconventional morality focuses on ___ : conventional morality is more concerned with __.
a. upholding laws and social rules: self-interest
b. self-interest; basic ethical principles
c. upholding laws and social rules:
basic ethical principles
d. self-interest; upholding laws and social rules

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

In Erikson's stages, the primary task during adolescence is
a. attaining formal operations.
b. forging an identity.
c. developing a sense of intimacy with another person.
d. living independent of parents.

Shazia Naz

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

Some developmental psychologists now refer to the period from age 18 to the mid-twenties and beyond (up to the time of social independence) as
a. emerging adulthood.
b. adolescence.
c. formal operations.
d. true maturity.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

By age $65,$ a person would be most likely to experience a cognitive decline in the ability to
a. recall and list all the important terms and concepts in a chapter.
b. select the correct definition in a multiple-choice question.
c. evaluate whether a statement is true or false
d. exercise sound judgment in answering an essay question.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

Freud defined the healthy adult as one who is able to love and work. Erikson agreed, observing that the adult struggles to attain intimacy and
a. affiliation.
b. identity.
c. competence
d. generativity.

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

Contrary to what many people assume,
a. older people are much happier than adolescents.
b. men in their forties express much greater dissatisfaction with life than do women of the same age.
c. people of all ages report similar levels of happiness.
d. those whose children have recently left home-the empty nesters-have the lowest level of happiness of all groups.

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator

Problem 23

Developmental researchers who emphasize learning and experience tend to believe in ___ those who emphasize biological maturation tend to believe in
a. nature; nurture
b. continuity: stages
c. stability; change
d. randomness; predictability

Emily Robinson

Numerade Educator

Problem 24

Although development is lifelong, there is stability of personality over time. For example,
a. most personality traits emerge in infancy and persist throughout life.
b. temperament tends to remain stable throughout life.
c. few people change significantly after adolescence.
d. people tend to undergo greater personality changes as they age.

Stacy Storey

Numerade Educator