Life: The Science of Biology

David E. Sadava, David M. Hilliss, H. Craig Heller,May Berenbaum

Chapter 20

Development and Evolutionary Change - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Which of the following is not one of the principles of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)?
a. Animal groups share similar molecular mechanisms for morphogenesis.
b. Changes in the timing of gene expression are important in the evolution of new structures.
$c .$ Evolution of development is not responsive to the environment.
$d .$ Changes in the locations of gene expression in the embryo can lead to new structures.
$e .$ Evolution occurs by modification of existing developmental genes and pathways.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

The developmental control pathway that results in polarity and pattern formation in the head-abdomen axis in Drosophila
a. has a similar gene sequence and chromosome order in the mouse.
$b$, arose only in insects during evolution.
$c .$ determines only the organs that arise in head segments.
$d$. involves only gene products made by the embryo.
$e .$ arose through new genes that had not existed before in any form.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Which of the following is not true of genetic switches?
a. They control how a genetic toolkit is used.
b. They integrate positional information in an embryo.
c. A single switch controls each gene.
d. They allow different structures to develop within an individual organism.
$e .$ They determine when and where a gene is turned on or off.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Ducks have webbed feet and chickens do not because
a. ducks need webbed feet to swim, whereas terrestrial chickens do not.
$b$. both duck and chicken embryos express $B M P 4$ in the webbing between the toes, but the Gremlin gene is expressed in the webbing cells only in ducks.
$c .$ both duck and chicken embryos express $B M P 4$ in the webbing between the toes, but the Gremlin gene is expressed in the webbing cells only in chickens.
$d$ only duck embryos express $B M P 4$ in the webbing between the toes.
$e .$ only chicken embryos express $B M P 4$ in the webbing between the toes.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Modularity is important for development because it
a. guarantees that all units of a developing embryo will change in a coordinated way.
$b$. coordinates the establishment of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing embryo.
$c .$ allows changes in developmental genes to change one part of the body without affecting other parts.
d. guarantees that the timing of gene expression is the same in all parts of a developing embryo.
$e .$ allows organisms to be built up one module at a time.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Organisms often respond to environmental signals that accurately predict future conditions by
a. stopping development until the signal changes.
$b$. altering their development to adapt to the future environment
$c .$ altering their development such that the resulting adult can produce offspring adapted to the future environment.
d. producing new mutants.
$e .$ developing normally because the predicted conditions may not last long.

April Townson

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

The process whereby changes in the timing of developmental events can change the form of an organism is called
a. heterochrony.
$b$. developmental plasticity.
$c .$ adaptation.
$d .$ modularity.
$e .$ mutation.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Which of the following is true about temperature determination of sex in some reptiles?
a. It ensures that males and females are produced at different seasons of the year.
$b .$ It ensures that males are faster than females.
$c .$ It acts through the inactivation of the male sex chromo-
some
$d .$ There is no evidence that it has evolved because of effects on reproductive success.
e. Temperature effects are due to modifications of concentrations and actions of sex steroids.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Which of the following examples of evolutionary change do not involve Hox genes?
a. Difference in numbers of legs between bees and centipedes.
$b .$ Difference in number of cervical vertebrae between a goose and a giraffe.
$c .$ Loss of forelegs in snakes.
$d .$ Loss of webbing in the feet of chickens.
e. Location of legs and antennae in Drosophila.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Parallel phenotypic evolution is likely to occur because
$a$. closely related organisms typically face similar problems.
$b$. the conservation of regulatory genes during evolution means that similar traits are likely to evolve repeatedly.
$c .$ many different phenotypes can be produced by a given genotype
d. phenotypic plasticity, which generates parallel phenotypic evolution, is widespread.
$e .$ evolutionary biologists have looked especially hard to find evidence of it.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator