Chapter Questions
Argue that absorption is the most important of the five processes of digestion over the other four processes. (pages $158-59$ )
List the main organs of the digestive tract, and state the contribution of each to the digestive process. (pages $160-69$ )
Discuss the absorption of the products of digestion into the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems. (page 166 )
Name the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch, protein, and fat, and tell where these enzymes are active and what they do. (page 165 )
Why are the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder considered accessory organs of digestion and not an organ of digestion? (pages $166-67$ )
Name and state the functions of the hormones that assist the nervous system in regulating digestive secretions. (page 168 )
What is the chief contribution of each of these in the body: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fruits, and vegetables? (pages $173-78$ )
Which three eating disorders involve binge eating? How are these three disorders different from one another? (pages $179-80$ )
Tracing the path of food in the following list (a-f), which step is out of order first?a. mouthb. pharynxc. esophagusd. small intestinee. stomachf. large intestine
The appendix connects to thea. cecum.b. small intestinec. esophagus.d. livere. All of these are correct
Which association is incorrect?a. mouth-starch digestionb. esophagus-protein digestionc. small intestine-starch, lipid, protein digestiond. stomach-food storagee. liver-production of bile
Why can a person not swallow food and talk at the same time?a. To swallow, the epiglottis must close off the trachea.b. The brain cannot control two activities at once.c. To speak, air must come through the larynx to form sounds.d. A swallowing reflex is only initiated when the mouth is closed.e. Both a and c are correct.
Which association is incorrect?a. pancreas-produces alkaline secretions and enzymesb. salivary glands-produce saliva and amylasec. gallbladder-produces digestive enzymesd. liver-produces bile
Which of the following could be absorbed directly without need of digestion?a. glucoseb. fatc. polysaccharidesd. proteine. nucleic acid
Peristalsis occursa. from the mouth to the small intestine.b. from the beginning of the esophagus to the anus.c. only in the stomach.d. only in the small and large intestine.e. only in the esophagus and stomach.
An organ is a structure made of two or more tissues performing a common function. Which of the four tissue types are present in the wall of the digestive tract?a. epitheliumb. connective tissuec. nervous tissued. muscle tissuee. All of these are correct.
Which association is incorrect?a. protein-trypsinb. fat-bilec. fat-lipased. maltose -pepsine. starch-amylase
Most of the products of digestion are absorbed across thea. squamous epithelium of the esophagus.b. striated walls of the trachea.c. convoluted walls of the stomach.d. fingerlike villi of the small intestine.e. smooth wall of the large intestine.
Bilea. is an important enzyme for the digestion of fats.b. cannot be stored.c. is made by the gallbladder.d. emulsifies fat.e. All of these are correct.
Which of the following is not a function of the liver in adults?a. produces bileb. detoxifies alcoholc. stores glucosed. produces ureae. makes red blood cells
The large intestinea. digests all types of food.b. is the longest part of the intestinal tract.c. absorbs water.d. is connected to the stomach.e. is subject to hepatitis.
Match each function to an organ in the key.a. mouthb. esophagusc. stomachd. small intestinee. large intestineRemoves nondigestible remains
Match each function to an organ in the key.a. mouthb. esophagusc. stomachd. small intestinee. large intestineServes as a passageway
Match each function to an organ in the key.a. mouthb. esophagusc. stomachd. small intestinee. large intestineStores food
Match each function to an organ in the key.a. mouthb. esophagusc. stomachd. small intestinee. large intestineAbsorbs nutrients
Match each function to an organ in the key.a. mouthb. esophagusc. stomachd. small intestinee. large intestineReceives food
The amino acids that must be consumed in the diet are called essential. Nonessential amino acidsa. can be produced by the body.b. are only needed occasionally.c. are stored in the body until needed.d. can be taken in by supplements.
Which of the following are often organic portions of important coenzymes?a. mineralsb. vitaminsc. proteind. carbohydrates
The products of digestion area. large macromolecules needed by the body.b. enzymes needed to digest food.c. small nutrient molecules that can be absorbed.d. regulatory hormones of various kinds.e. the food we eat.
Match each statement to a layer of the wall of the esophagus in the key. Answers may be used more than once.a. mucosab. submucosac. muscularisd. serosaLoose connective tissue that contains lymph nodules
Match each statement to a layer of the wall of the esophagus in the key. Answers may be used more than once.a. mucosab. submucosac. muscularisd. serosaContains a layer of epithelium that lines the lumen
Match each statement to a layer of the wall of the esophagus in the key. Answers may be used more than once.a. mucosab. submucosac. muscularisd. serosaVery thin layer of squamous epithelium that secretes a fluid, keeping the organ moist
Match each statement to a layer of the wall of the esophagus in the key. Answers may be used more than once.a. mucosab. submucosac. muscularisd. serosa3. Contains digestive glands and mucus-secreting goblet cells
Match each statement to a layer of the wall of the esophagus in the key. Answers may be used more than once.a. mucosab. submucosac. muscularisd. serosaTwo layers of smooth muscle
Match each statement to an answer in the key. Answers may be used more than once. Some may have more than one answer.a. gastrinb. secretinc. $\mathrm{CCK}$d. All of these are correct.e. None of these is correct.Stimulates gallbladder to release bile
Match each statement to an answer in the key. Answers may be used more than once. Some may have more than one answer.a. gastrinb. secretinc. $\mathrm{CCK}$d. All of these are correct.e. None of these is correct.Hormone carried in bloodstream
Match each statement to an answer in the key. Answers may be used more than once. Some may have more than one answer.a. gastrinb. secretinc. $\mathrm{CCK}$d. All of these are correct.e. None of these is correct.Stimulates the stomach to digest protein
Match each statement to an answer in the key. Answers may be used more than once. Some may have more than one answer.a. gastrinb. secretinc. $\mathrm{CCK}$d. All of these are correct.e. None of these is correct.Enzyme that digests food
Match each statement to an answer in the key. Answers may be used more than once. Some may have more than one answer.a. gastrinb. secretinc. $\mathrm{CCK}$d. All of these are correct.e. None of these is correct.Secreted by duodenum
Match each statement to an answer in the key. Answers may be used more than once. Some may have more than one answer.a. gastrinb. secretinc. $\mathrm{CCK}$d. All of these are correct.e. None of these is correct.Secreted by the stomach
Match each statement to a vitamin or mineral in the key.a. calciumb. vitamin Kc. sodiumd. iodinee. vitamin $A$Needed to make thyroid hormone
Match each statement to a vitamin or mineral in the key.a. calciumb. vitamin Kc. sodiumd. iodinee. vitamin $A$Needed for night vision
Match each statement to a vitamin or mineral in the key.a. calciumb. vitamin Kc. sodiumd. iodinee. vitamin $A$Needed for bones, teeth, and muscle contraction
Match each statement to a vitamin or mineral in the key.a. calciumb. vitamin Kc. sodiumd. iodinee. vitamin $A$Needed for nerve conduction, $\mathrm{pH}$, and water balance
Match each statement to a vitamin or mineral in the key.a. calciumb. vitamin Kc. sodiumd. iodinee. vitamin $A$Needed for making clotting proteins