Microbiology

Nina Parker, Mark Schneegurt, Anh-Hue Thi Tu

Chapter 24

Digestive System Infections - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Which of the following is NOT a way the normal microbiota of the intestine helps to prevent infection?
a. It produces acids that lower the pH of the stomach.
b. It speeds up the process by which microbes are flushed from the digestive tract.
c. It consumes food and occupies space, outcompeting potential pathogens.
d. It generates large quantities of oxygen that kill anaerobic pathogens.

Dennis Howard

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

What types of microbes live in the intestines?
a. Diverse species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, especially Bacteroides and Firmicutes bacteria
b. A narrow range of bacteria, especially Firmicutes
c. A narrow range of bacteria and fungi, especially Bacteroides
d. Archaea and fungi only

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

What pathogen is the most important contributor to biofilms in plaque?
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Streptococcus mutans
c. Escherichia coli
d. Clostridium difficile

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

What type of organism causes thrush?
a. a bacterium
b. a virus
c. a fungus
d. a protozoan

Erin Ivey

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

In mumps, what glands swell to produce the disease's characteristic appearance?
a. the sublingual glands
b. the gastric glands
c. the parotid glands
d. the submandibular glands

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Which of the following is true of HSV-1?
a. It causes oral thrush in immunocompromised patients.
b. Infection is generally self-limiting.
c. It is a bacterium.
d. It is usually treated with amoxicillin.

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Which type of $E$. coli infection can be severe with life-threatening consequences such as hemolytic uremic syndrome?
a. ETEC
b. EPEC
c. EHEC
d. EIEC

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Which species of Shigella has a type that produces Shiga toxin?
a. S. boydii
b. S. flexneri
c. S. dysenteriae
d. S. sonnei

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Which type of bacterium produces an A-B toxin?
a. Salmonella
b. Vibrio cholera
c. ETEC
d. Shigella dysenteriae

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which form of hepatitisvirus can only infect an individual who is already infected with another hepatitisvirus?
a. HDV
b. HAV
c. HBV
d. HEV

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Which cause of viral gastroenteritis commonly causes projectile vomiting?
a. hepatitisvirus
b. Astroviruses
c. Rotavirus
d. Noroviruses

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Which protozoan is associated with the ability to cause severe dysentery?
a. Giardia lamblia
b. Cryptosporidium hominis
c. Cyclospora cayetanesis
d. Entamoeba histolytica

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Which protozoan has a unique appearance, with a blue halo, when viewed using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy?
a. Giardia lamblia
b. Cryptosporidium hominis
c. Cyclospora cayetanesis
d. Entamoeba histolytica

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

The micrograph shows protozoans attached to the intestinal wall of a gerbil. Based on what you know about protozoan intestinal parasites, what is it?
a. Giardia lamblia
b. Cryptosporidium hominis
c. Cyclospora cayetanesis
d. Entamoeba histolytica

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

What is another name for Trichuris trichiura?
a. pinworm
b. whipworm
c. hookworm
d. ascariasis

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

Which type of helminth infection can be diagnosed using tape?
a. pinworm
b. whipworm
c. hookworm
d. tapeworm

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

The part of the gastrointestinal tract with the largest natural microbiota is the ______________.

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

When plaque becomes heavy and hardened, it is called dental calculus or ______________.

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

Antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis is caused by ______________.

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Jaundice results from a buildup of ____________.

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

Chronic ____________ Infections cause the unique sign of disease of greasy stool and are often resistant to treatment.

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

Liver flukes are often found in the ____________ duct

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 23

How does the diarrhea caused by dysentery differ from other types of diarrhea?

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 24

Why do sugary foods promote dental caries?

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

Which forms of viral hepatitis are transmitted through the fecal-oral route?

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 26

What is an O\&P exam?

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 27

Why does the coughing up of worms play an important part in the life cycle of some helminths, such as the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides?

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 28

Why does use of antibiotics and/or proton pump inhibitors contribute to the development of $C$. difficile infections?

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 29

Why did scientists initially think it was unlikely that a bacterium caused peptic ulcers?

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 30

Does it makes a difference in treatment to know if a particular illness is caused by a bacterium (an infection) or a toxin (an intoxication)?

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 31

Based on what you know about HBV, what are some ways that its transmission could be reduced in a health-care setting?

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator

Problem 32

Cases of strongyloidiasis are often more severe in patients who are using corticosteroids to treat another disorder. Explain why this might occur.

Jorge Villanueva

Jorge Villanueva

Numerade Educator