Biology 2015

Archaeocytes are associated with
a. digestion in bacteria.
b. the digestive tracts of sponges.
c. the filter organs of continuous feeders.
d. the human appendix.
e. the ingestion and distribution of food in sponges.

The typhlosole within the gut of an earthworm compares best to which of these organs in humans?
a. teeth in the mouth
b. esophagus in the thoracic cavity
c. folds in the stomach
d. villi in the small intestine
e. the large intestine, because it absorbs water

Animals that feed discontinuously
a. have a digestive tract that permits storage.
b. are always filter feeders.
c. exhibit extremely rapid digestion.
d. have a nonspecialized digestive tract.
e. usually eat only meat.

Beginning with the mouth and going from a–f, which structure is
out of order first when tracing the path of food in humans?
a. mouth c. esophagus e. stomach
b. pharynx d. small intestine f. large intestine

Why can a person not swallow food and talk at the same time?
a. To swallow, the epiglottis must close off the trachea.
b. The brain cannot control two activities at once.
c. To speak, air must come through the larynx to form sounds.
d. A swallowing reflex is only initiated when the mouth is closed.
e. Both a and c are correct.

Which association is incorrect?
a. mouth—starch digestion
b. esophagus—protein digestion
c. small intestine—starch, lipid, protein digestion
d. liver—bile production
e. large intestine—water absorption

. In humans, most of the absorption of the products of digestion
takes place across
a. the squamous epithelium of the esophagus.
b. the convoluted walls of the stomach.
c. the fingerlike villi of the small intestine.
d. the smooth wall of the large intestine.
e. the lacteals of the lymphatic system.

The appendix connects to the
a. cecum. d. large intestine.
b. small intestine. e. liver.
c. esophagus. f. All of these are correct.

Which of these could be absorbed directly without need of digestion?
a. glucose d. nucleic acid
b. fat e. All of these are correct.
c. protein

Which association is incorrect?
a. protein—trypsin d. starch—amylase
b. fat—lipase e. protein—pepsin
c. maltose—pepsin

Predict and explain the expected digestive results per test tube for this experiment.

Plants generally store their excess glucose as
a. amino acids. c. glycogen.
b. fiber. d. starch.

Lipids
a. are never essential in the diet.
b. include fats and oils.
c. contain less energy than carbs.
d. are found only in animals, not in plants.

In order to meet their need for protein, vegetarians
a. must consume a small quantity of meat.
b. should consume plenty of fresh fruits.
c. can eat combinations of grains, beans, and nuts.
d. should add powdered protein supplements to their diet.