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Probability with Applications in Engineering, Science, and Technology

Matthew A. Carlton • Jay L. Devore

Chapter 2

Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions - all with Video Answers

Educators

EW

Section 1

Random Variables

01:56

Problem 1

A concrete beam may fail either by shear $(S)$ or flexure $(F) .$ Suppose that three failed beams are randomly selected and the type of failure is determined for each one. Let $X=$ the number of beams among the three selected that failed by shear. List each outcome in the sample space along with the associated value of $X .$

A M
A M
Numerade Educator
00:30

Problem 2

Give three examples of Bernoulli rvs (other than those in the text).

Amy Jiang
Amy Jiang
Numerade Educator
01:13

Problem 3

Using the experiment in Example $2.3,$ define two more random variables and list the possible values of each.

A M
A M
Numerade Educator
01:00

Problem 4

Let $X=$ the number of nonzero digits in a randomly selected zip code. What are the possible values of $X ?$ Give three possible outcomes and their associated $X$ values.

Amy Jiang
Amy Jiang
Numerade Educator
01:50

Problem 5

If the sample space $S$ is an infinite set, does this necessarily imply that any rv $X$ defined from $S$ will have an infinite set of possible values? If yes, say why. If no, give an example.

A M
A M
Numerade Educator
03:41

Problem 6

Starting at a fixed time, each car entering an intersection is observed to see whether it turns left $(L),$ right $(R),$ or goes straight ahead $(A) .$ The experiment terminates as soon as a car is observed to turn left. Let $X=$ the number of cars observed. What are possible $X$ values? List five outcomes and their associated $X$ values.

EW
Eileen Wolfe
Numerade Educator
04:25

Problem 7

For each random variable defined here, describe the set of possible values for the variable, and state whether the variable is discrete.
(a) $\quad X=$ the number of unbroken eggs in a randomly chosen standard egg carton
(b) $Y=$ the number of students on a class list for a particular course who are absent on the first day of classes
(c) $U=$ the number of times a duffer has to swing at a golf ball before hitting it
(d) $\quad X=$ the length of a randomly selected rattlesnake
(e) $Z=$ the amount of royalties earned from the sale of a first edition of $10,000$ textbooks
(f) $Y=$ the acidity level $(\mathrm{pH})$ of a randomly chosen soil sample
(g) $\quad X=$ the tension $(\mathrm{psi})$ at which a randomly selected tennis racket has been strung
(h) $X=$ the total number of coin tosses required for three individuals to obtain a match $(\mathrm{HHH}$ or $\mathrm{TTT})$

A M
A M
Numerade Educator
08:09

Problem 8

Each time a component is tested, the trial is a success $(S)$ or failure $(F) .$ Suppose the component is tested repeatedly until a success occurs on three consecutive trials. Let $Y$ denote the number of trials necessary to achieve this. List all outcomes corresponding to the five smallest possible values of $Y,$ and state which $Y$ value is associated with each one.

Ian Grigsby
Ian Grigsby
Numerade Educator
01:08

Problem 9

An individual named Claudius is located at the point 0 in the accompanying diagram.
Using an appropriate randomization device (such as a tetrahedral die, one having four sides) Claudius first moves to one of the four locations $B_{1}, B_{2}, B_{3}, B_{4}$ . Once at one of these locations, he uses another randomization device to decide to decider he next returns to 0 or next visits one of the other two adjacent points. This process then continues; after each move, another move to one of the (new) adjacent points is determined by tossing an appropriate die or coin.
(a) Let $X=$ the number of moves that Claudius makes before first returning to $0 .$ What are possible values of $X ?$ Is $X$ discrete or continuous?
(b) If moves are allowed also along the diagonal paths connecting 0 to $A_{1}, A_{2}, A_{3},$ and $A_{4}$ respectively, answer the questions in part (a).

A M
A M
Numerade Educator
00:51

Problem 10

The number of pumps in use at both a six-pump station and a four-pump station will be determined. Give the possible values for each of the following random variables:
(a) $T=$ the total number of pumps in use
(b) $X=$ the difference between the numbers in use at stations 1 and 2
(c) $U=$ the maximum number of pumps in use at either station
(d) $Z=$ the number of stations having exactly two pumps in use

Amy Jiang
Amy Jiang
Numerade Educator