Chapter 13, Drug Therapy for Diabetes Video Solutions, Understanding Pharmacology: Essentials for Medication Safety

Problem 1

What is the direct goal of drug therapy for diabetes mellitus?
A. To cure diabetes
B. To prevent blindness
C. To keep blood glucose levels within the normal range
D. To improve body weight and reduce the risk for hypoglycemia

Aditya Sood

Numerade Educator

01:11

Problem 2

How does the drug glucagon work to treat hypoglyoemia?
A. It acts on the liver to release stored glucose from glycogen.
B. It is a concentrated form of glucose in which $1 \mathrm{~mL}$ is equal to $50 \mathrm{~g}$ of glucose.
C. Glucagon inactivates circulating insulin, thus preventing blood glucose levels from decreasing.
D. Glucagon prevents insulin from binding to insulin receptors, thus acting as an insulin antagonist.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

03:08

Problem 3

Which signs and symptoms are associated with hypoglycemia or "insulin shock"? Select all that apply.
A. Acute confusion
B. Cool clammy skin
C. Deep rapid respirations
D. Fruity odor of the breath
E. Headache
F. Increased sweating
G. Nausea

Shahina -

Numerade Educator

00:31

Problem 4

Which problem is a possible adverse effect of a drug from the sodium-glucose cotransport inhibitor class?
A. Injection site irritation or infection
B. Increased respiratory infections
C. Congestive heart failure
D. Dehydration

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

01:01

Problem 5

Which noninsulin antidiabetic drug can cause severe sunburn?
A. metformin (Glucophage)
B. rosiglitazone (Avandia)
C. glyburide (Micronase)
D. nateglinide (Starlix)

Narayan Hari

Numerade Educator

00:54

Problem 6

A patient with type 1 diabetes (DM1) asks why insulin must be injected instead of taken as a tablet. What is your best answer?
A. "Injecting insulin increases how fast it can work to control your diabetes."
B. "Insulin is a small protein that would be destroyed in the digestive system if swallowed."
C. "The absorption of oral insulin is so slow that the dose cannot be controlled and the effects are unpredictable."
D. "Injectable insulin more closely resembles the natural insulin that your pancreas makes compared with liquid oral insulin."

Hast Aggarwal

Numerade Educator

02:21

Problem 7

Why can people with type 2 diabetes (DM2) use noninsulin antidiabetic drugs to control the disease?
A. In people with DM2, the liver is able to take over the endocrine functions of the nonfunctional pancreas.
B. DM2 is a mild disease that does not have severe long-term complications.
C. Ketoacidosis develops only rarely among people who have type 2 diabetes.
D. People with DM2 continue to make pancreatic insulin.

Justin Im

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

When starting to draw up and administer a dose of NPH insulin, you find that the insulin in the vial is uniformly cloudy. What is your best action?
A. Shake the vial vigorously.
B. Draw up the medication.
C. Add normal saline.
D. Open a new vial.

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Problem 9

What is the most important issue to teach a patient who uses short-acting insulin before meals?
A. "Shake the bottle before drawing up the insulin so that it is well mixed."
B. "Rotate the injection site to prevent the development of skin problems,"
C. "Rub the injection site for 1 minute to ensure best drug absorption."
D. "Eat a meal within 15 minutes of injecting the drug."

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Problem 10

A patient who uses insulin reports the area where he usually injects the drug is warm, red, and painful. What should you tell him to do?
A. Apply ice to the site for 10 minutes 4 times daily.
B. Immediately call the prescriber and report these symptoms.
C. Discard the bottle of insulin you have been using and open a fresh one.
D. Go immediately to the emergency department to have the insulin injected intravenously.

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Problem 11

Which statement made by a patient newly diagnosed with DMI indicates a need for more teaching?
A. I will keep a syringe and insulin bottle in my pocket at all times.
B. I will always eat within 5 to 10 minutes of taking my dose of regular insulin.
C. I will rotate my insulin injections within one site rather than switching injection sites.
D. I will not share my insulin syringes or needles with my brother who also has diabetes.

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Problem 12

With which noninstin antidiabetic drug should you remain alert for the possibility of hypoglycemia even when it is the only drug prescribed? (Select all that apply.)
A. acarbose (Precose)
B. canagliflozin (Invokana)
C. glipizide (Glucotrol)
D. miglitol (Glyset)
E. pioglitazone (Actos)
F. repaglinide (Prandin)
G. Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
H. sitagliptin (Januvia)

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Problem 13

An older adult patient with type 2 diabetes who has been taking rosiglitazone (Avandia) for 1 month tells you that her urine is the color of coffee. What is your best action?
A. Document this patient report as the only action.
B. Encourage the patient to drink more water.
C. Test the patient's urine for ketone bodies.
D. Notify the prescriber immediately.

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