Chapter 16, Drug Therapy for Hypertension Video Solutions, Understanding Pharmacology: Essentials for Medication Safety

Problem 1

When a patient is prescribed an antihypertensive drug for blood pressure changes that occurred after chronic kidney disease, what is the alteration in blood pressure called?
A. Diastolic blood pressure
B. Systolic blood pressure
C. Primary hypertension
D. Secondary hypertension

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

A patient prescribed an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) for hypertension now has a blood pressure of $90 / 68$. What side effects do you expect the patient to experience? (Select all that apply.)
A. Light-headedness
B. Nausea
C. Dizziness
D. Diarrhea
E. Cough
F. Abnormal potassium level

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Problem 3

Which action must you take before giving any antihypertensive drug?
A. Weigh the patient.
B. Get a list of all drugs the patient is taking.
C. Determine whether the patient has an infection.
D. Perform a complete physical assessment.

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Problem 4

A patient with chronic uncontrolled hypertension is prescribed several antihypertensive drugs. The prescriber orders prazosin (Minipress). When should you administer the first dose?
A. 9 AM after breakfast
B. 12 noon with lunch
C. $5 \mathrm{PM}$ with dinner
D. 10 PM at bedtime

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Problem 5

An older adult patient with hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and liver failure is prescribed an ARB drug. What special precaution do you expect for this patient?
A. The patient should be given this drug with food.
B. The patient should be given a lower dose of this drug.
C. The patient should be instructed to report diarrhea to the prescriber.
D. The patient should be given this drug twice a day on an empty
stomach.

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02:17

Problem 6

A patient who is taking an ACE inhibitor for hypertension asks how this drug lowers blood pressure. What is your best response?
A. "It eliminates excess water and salt from the body."
B. "It blocks the conversion of angiotensin II."
C. "It reduces the heart rate."
D. "It dilates the arteries."

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

A patient who is taking captopril (Capoten) $25 \mathrm{mg}$ twice daily develops dizziness. What is your priority action?
A. Keep the patient on bed rest.
B. Withhold the dose and notify the prescriber.
C. Instruct the patient to call for help when getting out of bed.
D. Place all four side rails in the upright position.

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Problem 8

A patient prescribed hydralazine (Apresoline) develops a severe inflammatory eruption of the skin and mucous membranes. What is your best action?
A. Apply an aloe-based lotion to the area.
B. Reassure the patient that this is an expected side effect.
C. Document these findings as the only action.
D. Hold the drug and notify the prescriber.

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Problem 9

Which statement by a patient who is prescribed metoprolol (Lopressor) indicates the need for additional teaching?
A. "I will get out of bed slowly to avoid dizziness and decrease the risk of falling."
B. "I will notify my prescriber if I experience any chest pains.
C. “I will wear a sunscreen, long sleeves, and hat when I go outdoors.”
D. “I will stop taking this drug if my heart rate is less than 70 beats per
minute.”

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Problem 10

A woman is prescribed oral methyldopa (Aldomet) to control pregnancy-induced hypertension. What must you teach the patient about this drug?
A. Safe use of this drug during pregnancy has not been researched.
B. This drug can be used safely during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
C. This drug has fewer side effects than many other antihypertensive drugs.
D. Research demonstrates that this drug causes birth defects in laboratory animal studies.

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Problem 11

A patient takes enalapril (Vasotec) $5 \mathrm{mg}$ once a day to control high blood pressure. For which life-threatening adverse effect do you assess the patient?
A. Myocarditis
B. Angioedema
C. Liver failure
D. Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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Problem 12

Which signs/symptoms must you be sure to check for every 4 to 8 hours after giving a drug to treat high blood pressure? (Select all that apply.)
A. Dizziness
B. Decreased axillary temperature
C. Hand grasp strength
D. Crackles in lungs
E. Blood pressure
F. Heart rate
G. Weight

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Problem 13

Which points must you be sure to teach the patient who is going home and continuing to take prazosin (Minipres) $2 \mathrm{mg}$ twice daily for blood pressure control? (Select all that apply.)
A. Do not drive or operate machines.
B. Avoid salt substitutes.
C. Remember to change positions slowly.
D. Weigh yourself twice a week.
E. Take two pills of the drug in the evening if you miss your morning dose.
F. Report any ankle swelling to your prescriber.
G. Avoid aspirin or aspirin-containing products.

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Problem 14

A 33-year-old female patient is currently taking captopril (Capoten) $12.5 \mathrm{mg}$ daily to control her high blood pressure. She tells her prescriber that she plans to become pregnant. What drug will the prescriber most likely prescribe now?
A. nadolol (Corgard)
B. clonidine (Catapres)
C. methyldopa (Aldomet)
D. lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)

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Problem 15

The prescriber orders losartan (Cozaar) 75 mg once daily. The pharmacy sends 25 -mg tablets. How many tablets will you give the patient?___________ tablet(s)

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Problem 16

The prescriber orders oral hydralazine (Apresoline) $0.375 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg}$ twice a day for an 8 -year-old child. The child weighs $66 \mathrm{lb}$. How many milligrams of hydralazine will you give for each dose?______
$\mathrm{mg}$

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01:32

Problem 17

A patient is to receive diltiazem (Cardizem) $0.25 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg}$ IV to control high blood pressure. The patient's weight is $70 \mathrm{~kg}$. How many $\mathrm{mg}$ will you give?__________ $\mathrm{mg}$

Karly Williams

Numerade Educator