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Understanding Pharmacology: Essentials for Medication Safety

M. Linda Workman; Linda A. LaCharity

Chapter 20

Drugs That Affect Blood Clotting - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

What is the main purpose of anticoagulation therapy?
A. To dissolve existing clots and improve blood flow
B. To prevent a thrombus from becoming an embolus
C. To prevent an embolus from becoming a thrombus
D. To prevent clots from forming where they are not needed

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01:44

Problem 2

Which condition is a common indication for the use of an anticoagulant drug?
A. Pregnancy
B. Brain surgery
C. Atrial fibrillation
D. Excessive bruising in an extremity after trauma

Amy Phillips
Amy Phillips
Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Which of the following drugs or supplements makes the risk for bleeding worse when a patient is also taking an anticoagulant drug? Select all that apply.
A. Aspirin
B. Caffeine
C. Gingko biloba
D. Nicotine
E. Oral contraceptives
F. St. John's wort
G. Vitamin C
H. Vitamin K

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Problem 4

What agent is used as an antidote for a warfarin (Coumadin) overdose?
A. Phytonadione
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K

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01:06

Problem 5

After bleeding, what is the most common adverse effect of most antiplatelet drugs?
A. Decreased platelet count
B. Lowered seizure threshold
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Formation of stomach ulcers

Asma Venkitta
Asma Venkitta
Numerade Educator
00:42

Problem 6

What agent is used as an antidote for a heparin overdose?
A. Phytonadione
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin $\mathrm{K}$

Joanna Quigley
Joanna Quigley
Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Which action is essential before beginning continuous IV heparin therapy?
A. Have the laboratory draw an INR blood test.
B. Get an accurate baseline patient weight.
C. Make a sign that states, "No IM or subcutaneous injections."
D. Instruct the patient to remain on bed rest and use the call light.

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00:56

Problem 8

Which anticoagulant drug must be avoided during pregnancy because it can cause birth defects in the fetus?
A. Alteplase (Activase)
B. Heparin (Hepalean)
C. Warfarin (Coumadin)
D. Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Emily Robinson
Emily Robinson
Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Which laboratory test result indicates that an antiplatelet drug is effective?
A. International normalized ratio (INR) is increasing.
B. Total red blood cell count is increasing.
C. Platelet count is increasing.
D. Platelet count is decreasing.

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Problem 10

Which action is important to prevent losing any part of the drug dose when administering low molecular weight heparin?
A. Not using dextrose in water to flush the IV line
B. Not rubbing the injection site after injecting the drug
C. Not expelling the air bubble before injecting the drug
D. Not aspirating after inserting the needle into the injection site and before injecting the drug

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00:52

Problem 11

Why is the antiplatelet effect of aspirin longer lasting than that of other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
A. Aspirin irreversibly inhibits the production of TXA2, whereas NSAIDs cause reversible inhibition of this substance.
B. Aspirin can be taken up to 6 times per day, and most NSAIDs can only be taken twice per day.
C. Other NSAIDs have more effects on other tissues, but aspirin targets platelets specifically.
D. Other NSAIDs are more rapidly metabolized and eliminated than is aspirin.

Nicole Smina
Nicole Smina
Numerade Educator
00:46

Problem 12

Why is it important to teach the patient starting on the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin) to limit his or her intake of leafy green vegetables?
A. These foods contain vitamin $\mathrm{K}$, which can increase the effects of warfarin.
B. These foods contain vitamin $\mathrm{K}$, which can reduce the effects of warfarin.
C. These foods enhance aspirin activity and increase the risk for bleeding in the person who also takes warfarin.
D. These foods reduce aspirin activity and increase the risk for pulmonary embolism in the person who also takes warfarin.

Amrita Narasimhan
Amrita Narasimhan
Numerade Educator
03:54

Problem 13

What is the major mechanism of action that allows thrombolytic drugs to dissolve clots?
A. Increasing the blood level of the enzyme plasmin
B. Decreasing the blood level of the enzyme plasmin
C. Increasing the blood level of antithrombin III
D. Decreasing the blood level of antithrombin III

Ali Crampton
Ali Crampton
Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Which problems, conditions, or drugs are absolute contraindications for thrombolytic therapy? Select all that apply.
A. Previous heart attack 5 years before
B. Chronic use of oral contraceptives
C. Recent head trauma
D. Undergoing cancer chemotherapy
E. Delivering a baby within the past 24 hours
F. Received a blood transfusion within the past 2 weeks
G. Receiving low-molecular-weight heparin within the past 24 hours H. Taking aspirin $81 \mathrm{mg}$ daily for the past 2 years

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Problem 15

What is an intended response when a patient is prescribed epoetin alfa (Epogen)?
A. Red blood cell levels normalize.
B. New blood clots do not form.
C. Clotting time is increased.
D. Thrombolytic events are prevented.

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01:02

Problem 16

A patient is to receive 3000 units of subcutaneous heparin. Heparin comes as 5000 units in $1 \mathrm{~mL}$. How many milliliters will you give? __________ $\mathrm{mL}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator