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Biology

Eldra P. Solomon, Charles E. Martin, Diana W. Martin,

Chapter 7

Energy and Metabolism - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

02:45

Problem 1

Which of the following can do work in a cell? (a) entropy (b) heat (c) heat energy (d) all the preceding
(e) none of the preceding.

Sydney Reibschied
Sydney Reibschied
Numerade Educator
04:29

Problem 2

In a chemical reaction occurring in a cell, free energy is equivalent to (a) heat energy (b) heat (c) disorder (d) potential energy (e) more than one of the preceding options are true.

Nimi Das
Nimi Das
Numerade Educator
03:06

Problem 3

Cells are able to function because they (a) are closed systems (b) have mechanisms that transform energy from the environment into useful forms (c) can use enzymes to convert endergonic reactions into spontaneous reactions (d) all the preceding.

Sydney Reibschied
Sydney Reibschied
Numerade Educator
02:09

Problem 4

Diffusion is an (a) endergonic process because free energy increases (b) endergonic process because free energy decreases (c) exergonic process because entropy increases (d) exergonic process because entropy decreases (e) more than one of the preceding options are true.

Sydney Reibschied
Sydney Reibschied
Numerade Educator
01:47

Problem 5

A spontaneous reaction is one in which the change in free energy $(\Delta G)$ has a _____ value. (a) positive (b) negative (c) positive or negative (d) none of the preceding $(\triangle G$ has no measurable value).

Sydney Reibschied
Sydney Reibschied
Numerade Educator
01:56

Problem 6

Healthy living cells maintain (a) ATP and ADP at equilibrium
(b) equal concentrations of ATP and ADP (c) an ATP/ADP ratio of at least 10: 1 (d) an ATP/ADP ratio of no more than 1: 10 (e) most of the cell's stored energy in the form of ATP.

Sydney Reibschied
Sydney Reibschied
Numerade Educator
02:35

Problem 7

The required energy of activation of a reaction (a) is fixed and cannot be altered (b) can be lowered by a specific enzyme (c) can be raised by a specific enzyme (d) b or $c$, depending on the enzyme (e) none of the preceding.

Sydney Reibschied
Sydney Reibschied
Numerade Educator
02:03

Problem 8

"Induced fit" means that when a substrate binds to an enzyme's active site, (a) it fits perfectly, like a key in a lock (b) the substrate and enzyme undergo conformational changes (c) a site other than the active site undergoes a conformational change (d) the substrate and the enzyme become irreversibly bound to each other (e) $c$ and $d$.

Sydney Reibschied
Sydney Reibschied
Numerade Educator
05:23

Problem 9

The function of a biochemical pathway is to (a) supply energy to reactions (b) drive a sequence of reactions in a particular direction (c) maintain chemical equilibrium (d) make energy available to endergonic reactions (e) any of the preceding, depending on the pathway.

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
04:13

Problem 10

Which of the following reactions could be coupled to an endergonic reaction with $\Delta G=+3.56 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$ ?
(a) $\mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{B}, \Delta G=+6.08 \mathrm{k} / \mathrm{mol}$
(b) $C \rightarrow D, \Delta G=+3.56 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$
(c) $E \rightarrow F, \Delta G=0 \mathrm{k} / \mathrm{mol}$
(d) $G \rightarrow H, \Delta G=-1.22 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$
(e) $1 \rightarrow 1, \Delta G=-5.91 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
00:51

Problem 11

In the following reaction series, which enzyme(s) is/are most likely to have an allosteric site to which the end product E binds? (a) enzyme 1 (b) enzyme 2 (c) enzyme 3 (d) enzyme 4 (e) enzymes 3 and 4.

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
01:58

Problem 12

All organisms use ATP/ADP as central links between exergonic and endergonic reactions. What does that suggest about the evolution of energy metabolism?

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
02:23

Problem 13

Some have argued that "evolution is impossible because the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases; therefore natural processes cannot give rise to greater complexity." In what ways is this statement a misunderstanding of the laws of thermodynamics?

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
02:01

Problem 14

Does the figure illustrate an exergonic reaction or an endergonic reaction? How do you know?

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
01:23

Problem 15

Reactions 1 and 2 happen to have the same standard free-energy change:
$\Delta G=-41.8 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}(-10 \mathrm{kcal} / \mathrm{mol}) .$ Reaction 1 is at
equilibrium, but reaction 2 is far from equilibrium. Is either reaction capable of performing work? If so, which one?

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
02:29

Problem 16

You are performing an experiment in INTERPRI which you are measuring the rate at which succinate is converted to fumarate by the enzyme succinic dehydrogenase. You decide to add a little malonate to make things interesting. You observe that the reaction rate slows markedly and hypothesize that malonate is inhibiting the reaction. Design an experiment that will help you decide whether malonate is acting as a competitive inhibitor or a noncompetitive inhibitor.

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator