Section 1
Exercise PART A
The design of offshore structures are dominated by ___________.
Earthquakes are normally regarded as ___________ loads in offshore engineering.
The mean recurrence interval of a design event is called ___________.
The wind pressure coefficient is calculated from ___________.
The coefficient of wind pressure depends upon ___________.
The gust component of wind is generated by ___________.
Wind force in the direction parallel and normal to the wind direction are called___________ and ___________respectively.
The one minute average wind speed according to U.S. weather bureau is called___________.
The one-seventh power law is used to calculate___________ of wind speed.
Wave forces causes___________ and___________ on the members. causes___________ on the members.
In slender and flexible members, the de-amplification takes place due to___________.
___________is used to define the cross-spectrum in the analysis.
Aerodynamic admittance function connects and___________.
For the analysis of high-frequency wind data___________, spectrum is used.
Harris spectrum is not recommended for the frequencies___________.
___________gives a better fit to empirical observations of atmospheric turbulence.
Linear theory is applied when $\mathrm{H} / \mathrm{gT}^2$ is___________.
Airy's theory is valid only up to___________.
PM spectrum is recommended for ___________conditions.
For North Sea,___________ spectrum is recommended.
The sea state in short term is assumed as___________.
___________describes the energy distribution of different frequencies of a sea state.
PM spectrum is used for___________ condition, which is neither___________ nor___________.
. ___________spectrum has a greater frequency bandwidth compared to PM spectrum.
Bredneidger spectrum is usually used to describe___________ waves, generated by___________.
___________spectrum is a modification of Bredneidger spectrum, and is true only for___________.
JONSWAP spectrum is recommended for use in ___________analysis.
Peakedness parameter follows___________ distribution.
___________is caused by the pressure effects due to undisturbed incident waves.
___________is caused by the pressure effects due to the presence of the structure in the fluid domain.
___________and___________ is cause by the pressure effects due to the motion of the structural components in___________.
___________is caused by the pressure effects due to the relative velocity between the water particle and the structural component.
For slender structures, ___________and___________ are idealized as a single inertia term.
Reaction forces developed due to acceleration and velocity results in ___________and___________ respectively.
The relative velocity of the structure in the fluid produces ___________and___________.
. In large diameter members,___________ becomes less significant.
Force is calculated by ___________method using the incident wave pressure that is acting on the ___________of the structure.
The opposing current will___________ the wave height and___________ the wave length.
The superposing current will ___________the wave height and___________ the wave length.
The opposing current will___________ the force and supposing current will___________ the force on the member.
Current affects the ___________force component only.
Current force should be added vectorially to___________ before calculating___________.
Current causes the structure to generate___________ , which inturn creates___________.
Compliant structures that are position-restrained by tethers will be subjected to ___________under the presence of earthquake forces.
Earthquake will cause motion for a typical duration of___________.
Earthquake can result in___________ due to ___________and___________.
Dynamic tether tension variation caused by the earthquake forces are in the order of about___________ more than that of the normal values.
______________ is important to quantify the ice loads $n$ the offshore structure.
Total ice force can result in ______________and can cause ______________in flexible structures.
Extreme static ice loads depends upon______________ of the structure.
ce loads in______________are lesser than that of the cylindrical structure.
Well-defined cone shape can change the ice-failure mode from______________ to______________.
______________is the most practical way to estimate the ice loads.
In the frequency domain approach, excitation caused by ice loads is modeled as______________ , and the response is characterized by the______________.
Marine growth increases ______________and ______________of the structure.
Marine growth results in______________ gravity loads.
Marine growth______________ drag coefficient due to______________.
Added mass depends upon ______________of the platform.
Mass is contributed by ______________and ______________of the structure.
In slender structures,______________ should be considered in the analysis.
For steel offshore structures, structural damping varies from______________ of that of the critical damping.
For concrete offshore structures, structural damping varies from ______________of that of the critical damping.
Hydrodynamic damping originated from ______________and______________.
Radiation damping is determined based on ______________and it depends upon______________ and______________.
Drag damping is lower for______________.
Total damping ratio is about ______________for the first three modes of bottom-supported structures.
Dead load excludes______________,______________,______________ and______________.
Dynamic amplification factor is applied to______________.
______________is lesser in bottom-supported structures.
In bottom-supported structures, the design criteria is to control______________
In compliant structures, the design criteria is to control______________
. Orientation of the platform is altered to reduce ______________and______________
______________should be considered when the elements are subjected to axial load and shear.
When the elements are subjected to bending and lateral pressure, ______________should be considered in the analysis.
Tubular joints in steel offshore platforms should be checked for ______________under various load patterns.
Fatigue limit state relates the possibility of failure under______________
______________corresponds to the criteria for normal use or durability.
______________is the basic simplest analysis procedure, where the loads are approximated by______________.
According to BS6235, the mean recurrence interval associated with the transportation of the structure is______________
According to DNV, the return period for computing design environmental conditions for installation and fabrication is______________
Lifting forces on the structures are functions of______________,______________, ______________and______________
The members and connections of the lifted component must be designed for the forces resulting from______________ and______________
If the structure is lifted in fabrication yard, the design forces are applied as______________
The minimum load factors that must be considered for the members and connections for load-out at sheltered locations are ______________and______________ respectively.
Lifting in open sea creates ______________which requires______________
Load-out is carried out by______________ and______________
Transportation forces depends upon______________,______________ and ______________of the structure.
The offshore structures are transported by______________ and______________
During floating transportation, the structure will undergo______________
According to API-RP2A, the period of roll or pitch in towing analysis is______________
_____________ is the primary consideration while transporting a large jacket by barge, because of the______________
______________and______________ should be considered while transporting the jacket platforms.
______________is considered important in every stage of launch operation for fully controlled stable motion.
Accidental loads occurs sue to ______________,,______________,______________and______________
Fire resistance to structures are provided in the form of______________
An accidental load can be disregarded if its annual probability of occurrence is______________