What Is Life? A Guide to Biology

Jay Phelan

Chapter 13

Evolution and Diyersity Amonq the Misropes - all with Video Answers

Educators

JB

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

In the human body:
a) there are more microbial cells than human cells.
b) archaea can survive, but bacteria are killed by the immune system.
c) bacterial cells can survive only inside the eukaryotic cells.
d) the diversity of bacterial cells living in the mouth is exceeded by the diversity living on the skin.
e) the bacterial cells are larger than the eukaryotic cells.

Matthew Gooch

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

From an evolutionary perspective, the most basic division among all organisms on earth is among:
a) plants, animals, and bacteria.
b) bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.
c) plants, animals, and eukarya.
d) bacteria, animals, and eukarya.
e) bacteria, archaea, and protists.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is incorrect?
a) Prokaryotes contain ribosomes.
b) Some prokaryotes can conduct photosynthesis.
c) Prokaryotes have circular pieces of DNA within the ir nuclei.
d) Prokaryotes appeared on earth prior to eukaryotes.
e) Prokaryotes contain cytoplasm.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

"Establishing a phylogeny for bacteria is more difficult than establishing a phylogeny for plants or animals." This statement is:
a) correct, because of the quick generation time of bacteria.
b) incorrect, because lateral gene transfer makes creating a phylogeny simpler.
c) incorrect, because the metabolic diversity of bacteria makes classification impossible.
d) correct, because it is difficult to obtain enough morphological data from bacteria.
e) correct, because bacteria can engage in lateral gene transfer.

JB

Joe Bretl

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Problem 5

A population of Escherichia coli can double every ____________ in an ideal laboratory culture.
a) 20 seconds
b) 2 minutes
c) 2 days
d) 20 minutes
e) 2 hours

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Plasmids containing genes for antibiotic resistance can be exchanged between bacterial cells in a culture by:
a) conjugation.
b) artificial exchange.
c) cloning.
d) transduction.
e) conduction.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Which group of organisms utilizes the largest variety of energy sources?
a) prokaryotes
b) fungi
c) protists
d) invertebrate animals
e) vertebrate animals

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Which of the following statements about antibiotics is incorrect?
a) Penicillin was the first antibiotic isolated from bacteria and was widely used to fight bacterial infections.
b) Antibiotics help microbes compete with other microbes.
c) Antibiotic-resistant microbes are selected for in humans who are taking antibiotics.
d) Antibiotics, though effective against viruses, are not effective against bacteria.
e) Antibiotics are used not just in human health care but also in agriculture.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Which of the following domains are the most closely related, in that they share a unique common ancestor?
a) archaea and bacteria
b) archaea and eukarya
c) bacteria and eukarya
d) None of the above; all three domains evolved from different ancestors.
e) None of the above; all three domains are equally related to one another.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Unlike other microbes, archaea are able to thrive:
a) in very extreme (with respect to temperature, salinity, pressure, etc.) environments.
b) in all the same places that bacteria are found.
c) in the human body.
d) in lakes and rivers (i.e., in fresh water).
e) in well-aerated soils.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Taq polymerase:
a) is produced in viruses and bacteria.
b) is denatured at temperatures above the normal human body temperature.
c) is useful in catalyzing the polymerase chain reaction.
d) can break down the sludge in oil refinery tanks.
e) can reduce the mineral deposits from rusting pipes.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

All protists are alike in that they all are:
a) photosynthetic.
b) eukaryotic
c) parasitic.
d) colonial.
e) multicellular.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Which of the following is not a protist?
a) Paramecium
b) slime mold
c) brown alga
d) diatom
e) All of the above are protists.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Which of the following statements about Plasmodium is correct?
a) It causes sickle-cell anemia.
b) Because it changes its surface proteins frequently, it is largely invisible to the immune system.
c) It is transmitted by Paramecium.
d) It confers resistance to malaria.
e) It is most common in North America.

Nicholas Mogoi

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Problem 15

Many biologists do not consider viruses to be alive. Which of the following characteristics of viruses leads to this condusion?
a) Viruses lack a metabolic system.
b) Viruses do not respond to external stimuli
c) Viruses are unable to reproduce on their own.
d) All of the above are correct.
e) Only a) and $c$ ) are correct.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

The genetic information in all viruses is:
a) DNA.
b) RNA.
c) protein.
d) polymerase enzymes.
e) DNA or RNA.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Viruses are able to infect:
a) humans.
b) plants.
c) bacteria.
d) birds
e) All of the above.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

Which of the following statements about HIV is incorrect?
a) It is a virus.
b) It attacks red blood cells.
c) It mutates frequently.
d) It is derived from a simian immunodeficiency virus.
e) It contains RNA but not DNA.

Matthew Gooch

Numerade Educator