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An Introduction to Derivatives and Risk Management: With Stock-Trak Coupon

Don M. Chance, Robert Brooks

Chapter 15

Financial Risk Management Techniques and Applications - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

Problem 1

How is the practice of risk management similar to hedging and how is it different?

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Problem 2

Identify why risk management can be beneficial to stockholders.

Rashmi Sinha
Rashmi Sinha
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Problem 3

Explain the difference between market risk and credit risk. Are techniques for managing market risk appropriate for managing credit risk?

Rashmi Sinha
Rashmi Sinha
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Problem 4

Identify the three parties involved in any credit derivatives transaction and describe how they differ in their roles and responsibilities with regard to the transaction.

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Problem 5

If a portfolio of derivatives is delta hedged by adding a position in Eurodollar futures, what other forms of market risk might remain? How can these risks be eliminated?

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Problem 6

Interpret the following statements about Value at Risk so that they would be easily understood by a nontechnical corporate executive:
a. VAR of $$\$ 1.5$$ million, one week, probability $=0.01$
b. VAR of $$\$ 3.75$$ million, one year, probability $=0.05$

Rashmi Sinha
Rashmi Sinha
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Problem 7

Critique each of the three methods of calculating Value at Risk, giving one advantage and one disadvantage of each.

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Problem 8

Comment on the current credit risk assumed for each of the following positions. Treat them separately; that is, not combined with any other instruments.
a. You are short an out-of-the-money interest rate call option.
b. You cntered into a pay fixed-receive floating interest rate swap a year ago. Since that time, interest rates have increased.
c. You are long an in-the-money currency put option.
d. You are long a forward contract. During the life of the contract the price of the underlying asset has decreased below the contract price.

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Problem 9

Explain how closeout netting reduces the credit risk for two firms engaged in several derivatives contracts.

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Problem 10

How does the legal system impose risk on a derivatives dealer?

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Problem 11

Consider a firm that has assets that generate cash but which cannot be easily valued on a regular basis. What are the difficulties faced by this firm when using VAR and what alternatives would it have?

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03:08

Problem 12

How is liquidity a source of risk?

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Tommy Nguyen
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Problem 13

Explain how the stockholders of a company hold an implicit put option written by the creditors.

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04:17

Problem 14

Identify the five types of credit derivatives and briefly describe how each works.

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Problem 15

Suppose your firm is a derivatives dealer and has recently created a new product. In addition to market and credit risk, what additional risks does it face that are associated more with new products?

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Problem 16

Consider a portfolio consisting of $$\$ 10$$ million invested in the S\&P 500, and $$\$ 7.5$$ million invested in U.S. Treasury bonds. The S\&P 500 has an expected return of 14 percent and a standard deviation of 16 percent. The Treasury bonds have an expected return of 9 percent and a standard deviation of 8 percent. The correlation between the S\&P 500 and the bonds is 0.35 . All figures are stated on an annual basis.
a. Find the VAR for one year at a probability of 0.05 . Identify and use the most appropriate method given the information you have.
b. Using the information you obcained in part $a$, find the VAR for one day.

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Problem 17

Calculate the VAR for the following situations:
a. Use the analytical method and determine the VAR at a probability of 0.05 for a portfolio in which the standard deviation of annual returns is $$\$ 2.5$$ million. Assume an expected return of $$\$ 0.0$$.
b. Use the historical method and the following information for the last 120 days of returns to calculate an approximate VAR for a portfolio of $$\$ 20$$ million using a probability of 0.05 :
$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\hline \text { Less than }-0 \% & 5 \\
-10 \% \text { to }-5 \% & 18 \\
-5 \% \text { to } 0 \% & 49 \\
0 \% \text { to } 5 \% & 36 \\
5 \% \text { to } 10 \% & 15 \\
\text { Greater than } 10 \% & 4 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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Problem 18

The following table lists three financial instruments and their deltas, gammas, and vegas for each $$\$ 1$$ million notional principal under the assumption of a long position. (Long in a swap or FRA means to pay fixed and receive floating.) Assume that you hold a $$\$ 12$$ million notional principal long position in the three-year call option, an $$\$8$$million notional principal short position in the three-year swap, and an $$\$ 11$$ million notional principal long position in the FRA. Each derivative is based on the 90-day LIBOR.
$$
\begin{array}{lrrr}
\hline \text { Instrument } & \text { Delta } & \text { Gamma } & \text { Vega } \\
\hline \text { 3-year call option with exercise rate of 0.12 } & \$ 40 & \$ 1,343 & \$ 5.02 \\
\text { 3-year swap with fixed rate of } 0.1125 & \$ 152 & -\$ 678 & \$ 0 \\
\text { 2-year FRA with fixed rate of } 0.11 & \$ 72 & -\$ 390 & \$ 0 \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$
a. As described above, you have three instruments currently in your portfolio. Determine your current portfolio delta, gamma, and vega. Describe in words the risk properties of your portfolio based on your calculations.
b. Assume that you have to maintain your current position in the call option but are free to increase or decrease your positions in the swap and FRA and you can add a position in a one-year call with a delta of $$\$ 62$$, a gamma of $$\$ 2,680$$, and a vega of $$\$2.41$$. Find the combination of notional principals that would make your overall position be delta hedged, gamma hedged, and vega hedged.

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Problem 19

Suppose you own 50,000 shares of stock valued at $$\$ 35.50$$ per share. You are interested in protecting it with a put that would have a delta of -0.62 . Assume, however, that the put is not available or is unfairly priced. Illustrate how to construct a dynamic hedge using a risk-free debt instrument that would replicate the position of having the put. Ignore the cost of the puts. Show how the hedge works by explaining what happens if the stock falls by one dollar.

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Problem 20

Company CPN and dealer SwapFin are engaged in three transactions with each other. From SwapFin's perspective, the market values are as follows:
$$
\begin{array}{ll}
\hline \text { Swap 1 } & -\$ 2,000,000 \\
\text { Forward 1 } & +\$ 1,500,000 \\
\text { Option 1 } & -\$ 500,000 \\
\hline & -\$ 1,000,000
\end{array}
$$
Explain the consequences to SwapFin if CPN defaults with and without closeout netting. Within your answer, explain what is meant by cherry picking.

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Problem 21

(Concept Problem) Suppose you enter into a bet with someone in which you pay $$\$ 5$$ up front and are allowed to throw a pair of dice. You receive a payoff equal to the total in dollars of the numbers on the two dice. In other words, if you roll a 1 and a 2 , your payoff is $$\$ 3$$ and your profit is $$\$ 3-\$ 5=-\$ 2$$. Determine the probability associated with a Value at Risk of $$\$ 0$$.

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04:33

Problem 22

(Concept Problem) A company has assets with a market value of $$\$ 100$$. It has one outstanding bond issue, a zero coupon bond maturing in two years with a face value of $$\$ 75$$. The risk-free rate is 5 percent. The volatility of the asset is 0.80 . Determine the market value of the equity and the continuously compounded yield on the bond. (Use the spreadsheet BSMbin7e.xls for calculations.)

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