Chapter Questions
Name the major water compartments and the name for water in each of them. Name three specialized body fluids and state the location of each. (p. 438)
Explain how water moves between compartments; name the processes. (p. 438)
Describe the three sources of water for the body and the relative amounts of each. (p. 438)
Describe the pathways of water output. Which is the most important? What kinds of variations are possible in water output? (pp. $438-439$ )
Name the hormones that affect fluid volume, and state the function of each. (p. 439)
Define electrolyte, cation, anion, osmosis, and osmolarity. (pp. 439,440 )
Name the major electrolytes in plasma, tissue fluid, and intracellular fluid, and state their functions. (pp. 441-442)
Explain how the bicarbonate buffer system will react to buffer a strong acid. (p. 443)
Explain how the phosphate buffer system will react to buffer a strong acid. (p. 443)
Explain why an amino acid may act as either an acid or a base. (p. 443)
Describe the respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis and for metabolic alkalosis. (p. 444)
If the body fluids are becoming too acidic, what ions will the kidneys excrete? What ions will the kidneys return to the blood? (p. 445)
Which of the pH regulatory mechanisms works most rapidly? Most slowly? Which of these mechanisms has the greatest capacity to buffer an ongoing pH change? Which mechanism has the least capacity? (pp. 445,446 )
Describe the effects of acidosis and alkalosis. (p. 445)