Chapter 19, Fungi Video Solutions, Biology: Concepts and Investigations

03:19

Problem 1

Give examples of fungi that are important economically, ecologically, and as food for humans.

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

02:04

Suppose you are digging in forest soil and find a stringy, whitish structure. If you had access to a microscope, what features would you look for to determine whether the object is a plant root or a fungus?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

01:02

Problem 3

What evidence suggests that fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants???????? plants plants?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

04:53

Problem 4

Which characteristics do all fungi share? Which characteristics distinguish each phylum of fungi?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

01:18

Problem 5

Penicillin, an antibiotic derived from a fungus, kills bacteria by destroying their cell walls. Why doesn't penicillin harm fungal cell walls?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

07:31

Problem 6

Review figure 18.5 , which shows the alternation of generations in plants. Compare and contrast the life cycles of zygomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes to the basic plant life cycle.

Sana Riaz

Numerade Educator

02:50

Problem 7

Sketch each of the following structures: mycelium; ascus with ascospores; zoospore; zygospore; basidium with basidiospores.

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

07:35

Problem 8

Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: yeast and mycelium; ascomycete and basidiomycete; mycorrhiza and lichen; zoospore and zygospore; diploid and dikaryotic.

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

02:12

Problem 9

Hyphae and arbuscules are highly branched structures. How does their extensive surface area contribute to their functions?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

02:39

Problem 10

Other than shared DNA sequences, what characteristics place ascomycetes and basidiomycetes together as sister groups?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

02:10

Problem 11

An ascomycete called Cryphonectria parasitica causes chestnut blight, a disease that has killed most of the chestnut trees in the United States. If you were a plant breeder trying to bring back the chestnut, how would you use artificial selection to create disease-resistant varieties of the tree?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

10:25

Problem 12

Use the Internet to find examples of chytrids, zygomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes that cause diseases in plants or animals. How does each fungus infect a host and spread to new hosts? What can humans do to fight each disease? What are the costs and benefits of doing so?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

01:34

Problem 13

Describe the relationships that connect:
a. leaves and endophytes.
b. roots and mycorrhizal fungi.
c. leaf-cutter ants, their fungal food, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi.
d. the fungal and photosynthetic partners in a lichen.

Ramesh Singh

Numerade Educator

05:39

Problem 14

Some endophytes produce compounds that fight bacteria, making them potential new sources of antibiotics. Describe an experimental method that would allow you to screen endophytes for antibacterial activity.

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

01:38

Problem 15

Figure 19.22 shows that endophytes were associated with a small but statistically significant reduction in cacao leaf disease. In what ways might this seemingly small difference be important to the plant?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

04:07

Problem 16

Describe how experiments might show that:
a. chytrids are killing amphibians.
b. fungi benefit more from a lichen relationship than do algae.
c. bacteria help leaf-cutting ants cultivate one fungus while killing another.
d. overharvesting of mycorrhizal basidiomycetes harms forest health.
e. mold on a building's walls can cause illness in the building's occupants.

Sana Riaz

Numerade Educator

04:00

Problem 17

Genome sequencing projects are complete or in progress for many fungi other than Neurospora crassa. Search the Internet for a list of these fungi, choose one, and describe some discoveries that have come from research on the species you chose.

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

04:46

Problem 18

Use the Internet to learn how Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. Many years passed before other scientists developed penicillin into a drug. How does the story of penicillin, from discovery to drug development, illustrate the process of science?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

04:34

Problem 19

White nose syndrome is an illness that weakens and kills bats roosting in caves. Affected animals have a white fungus around their muzzle and on their wings, but no one knows if the fungus causes the illness or simply infects bats that are weakened by some other disease. White nose syndrome was discovered in 2006 and has since spread to several states in the northeastern United States. Search the Internet for the latest information about white nose syndrome, then propose a testable hypothesis to explain how the fungus might have entered bat populations. What information would you need to determine whether the fungus actually causes the disease? How can people help prevent the spread of the fungus from cave to cave? If the disease continues to spread. how might the widespread death of bats affect ecosystems?

Jenny Wu

Numerade Educator

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