Biology: The Dynamic Science

Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter 30

Fungi - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Which of the following statements does not reflect current understanding of phylogenetic relationships and features among fungi?
a. Lineages leading to fungi diverged from those leading to plants about 1 billion years ago.
b. Chytrids are probably a paraphyletic grouping and may most closely resemble the earliest fungi.
c. There are four broadly accepted fungal phyla, the Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota.
d. As fungal lineages diversified, each evolved distinctive reproductive adaptations.
e. Conidial fungi do not belong to a recognized fungal phylum.

Joanna Quigley

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Which of the following events is/are a necessary part of a typical asexual cycle in fungal reproduction?
a. formation of a dikaryon
b. hyphae developing into a mycelium
c. formation of a diploid zygote
d. plasmogamy, which occurs when hyphae fuse at their tips
e. production and release of large numbers of spores

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

A trait common to all fungi is:
a. reproduction via spores.
b. $\quad$ parasitism.
c. septate hyphae.
d. a dikaryotic phase inside a zygospore.
e. plasmogamy after an antheridium and ascogonium come into contact.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

The chief characteristic used to classify fungi into the major fun-
gal phyla is:
a. nutritional dependence on nonliving organic matter.
b. recycling of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems.
c. adaptations for obtaining water.
d. features of reproduction.
e. cell wall metabolism.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

At lunch George ate a mushroom, some truffles, a little Camembert cheese, and a bit of moldy bread. Which of the following groups was not represented in the meal?
a. $\quad$ Basidiomycota
b. Ascomycota
c. $\quad$ conidial fungi
d. chytrids
e. Zygomycota

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Which of the following fungal reproductive structures are diploid?
a. basidiocarps
b. ascospores
c. conidia
d. gametangia
e. $\quad$ zygospores

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

A mushroom is:
a. the food-absorbing region of an ascomycete.
b. $\quad$ the food-absorbing region of a basidiomycete.
c. a reproductive structure formed only by basidiomycetes.
d. a specialized form of mycelium not constructed of hyphae.
e. a collection of saclike cells called asci.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

A zygomycete is characterized by:
a. usually, aseptate hyphae.
b. mostly sexual reproduction.
c. absence of $+$ and $-$ mating types.
d. the tendency to form mycorrhizal associations with plant roots.
e. a life cycle in which karyogamy does not occur.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Which of the following statements apply/applies to lichens?
a. It is a fungus that breaks down rock to provide nutrients for an alga.
b. $\quad$ It colonizes bare rocks and slowly degrades them to small particles.
c. It spends part of the life cycle as a mycobiont and part as a fungus.
d. It is an association between a basidiomycete and an ascomycete.
e. It is an association between a photobiont and a fungus.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

In a college greenhouse, a new employee observes fuzzy mycorrhizae in the roots of all the plants. Destroying no part of the plants, she carefully removes the mycorrhizae. The most immediate result of this "cleaning" is that the plants cannot:
a. carry out photosynthesis.
b. $\quad$ absorb water through their roots.
c. transport water up their stems.
d. extract as much nitrogen from soil.
e. store carbohydrates in their roots.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator