Chapter Questions
Answer the following questions.Name the brain center that influences mood, motivation, and the perception of pain.
Answer the following questions.Differentiate among analgesia, a complete general anesthesthetic, medullary depression, and medullary paralysis. (LO 18.2)
Answer the following questions.Explain the difference between induction of anesthesia and maintenance of anesthesia.
Answer the following questions. Explain the concept of balanced anesthesia.
Answer the following questions.Explain when propofol is a preferred anesthetic.
Answer the following questions.How does general anesthesia differ from sleep?
Answer the following questions. How is general anesthesia produced? (
Answer the following questions. How do the effects of general anesthetics on the CNS differ from those of local anesthetics?
Answer the following questions.What do the various stages of anesthesia represent?
Answer the following questions.What effects do general anesthetics have on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?
Answer the following questions.How may the general anesthetics produce skeletal muscle relaxation?
Answer the following questions.How do the inhalation anesthetics differ from the intravenous anesthetics?
Answer the following questions.What is neuroleptanesthesia?
Answer the following questions. For what purpose are the various adjunct medications administered?
Answer the following questions.What types of drug interactions may occur in postsurgical patients?
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Which of the following general anesthetics exhibits potent analgesic properties? (LO 18.4)A. lidocaineB. methohexitalC. ketamineD. nitrous oxide and ketamineE. propofol
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.What is the best reason for using a balanced anesthesia strategy? (LO 18.1)A. producing complementary effects using a few drugs avoids unnecessary intense (deep) CNS depression with one anesthetic to achieve the same effectB. the concentration of volatile anesthetic in the alveoli is balanced against the amount of anesthetic in the bloodC. less monitoring of anesthesia is requiredD. fewer patients experience emergence deliriumE. there is less chance of aspirating saliva
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Why is propofol a drug of choice for induction and maintenance of anesthesia? (LO 18.8)A. it is a potent analgesic at all dosesB. it slowly brings the patient to the stage of surgical anesthesiaC. it is a complete anesthetic with a quick onset of action and recovery period uncomplicated by nausea and vomitingD. it is administered by special vaporizer to avoid mask deliveryE. its preparation does not require special handling technique
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Which of the following drugs is associated with its correct nonanesthetic effect? (LO 18.5)A. ketamine: antiemesisB. sevoflurane: skeletal muscle relaxationC. methohexital: hallucinations and colorful dreamsD. etomidate: hepatitisE. sevoflurane: stimulate mucous secretion
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Which of the following is true about laryngospasms? (LO 18.5)A. they rarely occur because volatile anesthetics depress the CNSB. they involve stimulation of the bronchiolar smooth muscleC. drug-induced increased salivary secretion can trigger them in pediatric patientsD. they can be avoided by using a volatile anesthetic with ketamineE. barbiturates do not produce conditions that support laryngospasms
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Which of the following drugs is matched correctly with its use or action? (LO 18.4)A. chlorpropamide: induction anesthesiaB. ondansetron: maintenance anesthesiaC. droperidol: maintenance anesthesiaD. ketamine: dissociative anesthesiaE. midazolam: inhalation anesthetic
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Which of the following is NOT correct? (LO 18.3)A. ketamine causes chloride ions to flow out of the nerve cell by binding to GABAB. propofol binds to the $\mathrm{GABA}_{\mathrm{A}}$ receptor and enhances hyperpolarization of the neuronC. barbiturates and propofol act on the receptor and directly on the chloride channelD. potent anesthetics enhance $\mathrm{GABA}_{\mathrm{A}}$ and glycine receptorsE. general anesthetics interact with neurotransmitter-gated ion channels
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Which of the following major routes remove etomidate and midazolam from the body? (LO 18.4)A. hepatic metabolism and renal excretionB. excretion through the lungs and sweatingC. accumulation in fat tissue and redistributionD. increased salivation and bile productionE. gastrointestinal reabsorption
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Select the types of anesthesia in which there is no loss of consciousness. (LO 18.1)A. local anesthesiaB. Monitored Anesthesia CareC. general anesthesiaD. balanced anesthesiaE. maintenance anesthesia
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Choose the correct class of general anesthetics. (LO 18.2)A. intravenousB. dissociative anesthesiaC. oralD. topicalE. epidural
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Which of the following is used to produce conscious sedation? (LO 18.3)A. midazolam (Versed)B. etomidate (Amidate)C. isofurane (Forane)D. flumazenilE. ketorolac
Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.Which drugs would be used as adjunct therapy to anesthesia? (LO 18.6)A. analgesicsB. antiarrhythmicsC. antianxiety, short-acting CNS depressants like midazolamD. anticholinergicsE. all of these