Life: The Science of Biology

David Sadava, David M. Hills, H. Craig Heller

Chapter 17

Genomes - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Genome sequencing is done
a. one chromosome at a time.
b. on entire chromosomal DNA molecules.
c. on overlapping fragments.
d. manually, with large electrophoresis gels.
e. using radioactive isotopes to label DNA.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

The minimal genome of Mycoplasma genitalium
a. has 100 genes.
b. has been used to create new species.
c. is made of RNA.
d. is larger than the genome of E. coli.
e. was derived from point mutations in each gene.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Which is not true of metagenomics?
a. It has been done with bacteria.
b. It has revealed many new species.
c. It has revealed many new metabolic capacities.
d. It involves extracting DNA from the environment.
e. It cannot be done on seawater.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Transposons
a. always use RNA for replication.
b. are approximately 50 bp long.
c. are made up of either DNA or RNA.
d. do not contain genes coding for proteins.
e. make up more than 40 percent of the human genome.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Vertebrate gene families
a. contain only active genes.
b. include the globins.
c. are not produced by gene duplications.
d. increase the number of unique genes in the genome.
e. are not transcribed.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

The human genome
a. contains very few repeated sequences.
b. has 3.2 billion bp.
c. is 10 percent protein-coding sequences.
d. has genes evenly distributed along chromosomes.
e. has few genes with introns.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Eukaryotic protein-coding genes differ from their prokaryotic counterparts in that eukaryotic genes
a. are double-stranded.
b. are present in only a single copy.
c. contain introns.
d. have promoters.
e. are transcribed into mRNA.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

A comparison of the genomes of yeasts and bacteria shows that only yeasts have many genes for
a. energy metabolism.
b. cell wall synthesis.
c. intracellular protein targeting.
d. DNA-binding proteins.
e. RNA polymerase.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

The genomes of the fruit fly and the nematode are similar to those of yeasts, except that the former organisms have many genes for
a. intercellular signaling.
b. synthesis of polysaccharides.
c. cell cycle regulation.
d. intracellular protein targeting.
e. transposable elements.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Why is identifying an organism's proteome and metabolome more complex than defining its genome?

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

The genomes of rice, wheat, and corn are similar to one another and to that of Arabidopsis in many ways. Discuss how these plants might nevertheless have very different proteins.

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

It is the year $2025 .$ You are taking care of a patient who is concerned about having an early stage of kidney cancer. His mother died from this disease.
a. Assume that the SNPs linked to genes involved in the development of this type of cancer have been identified. How would you determine if this man has a genetic predisposition for developing kidney cancer? Explain how you would do the analysis.
b. How might you develop a metabolomic profile for kidney cancer and then use it to determine whether your patient has kidney cancer?
c. If the patient was diagnosed with cancer by the methods in (a) and (b), how would you use pharmacogenomics to choose the right medications to treat the tumor in this patient?

Josee Pacheco

Numerade Educator